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One of the most pressing issues in the Russian government is the financial well-being of the population. It is planned to provide financial assistance to pensioners who belong to a special category and more than other citizens need the support of such a plan.
After retirement, many people are unable to buy the necessary drugs and undergo expensive treatment, cannot provide themselves with quality food in the required quantity, and hardly allocate funds for the purchase of essential items.
The government chamber is concerned about the current situation and in 2018 intend to resolve this issue by allocating funds to provide additional payments. Let's figure out whether pensioners will really be paid 10 thousand rubles each, and whether it is worth counting on this help.
Lump-sum social payment in 2018
Pensioners who received social assistance this year hope that the same support will be there next year. Since the retirement benefit is for 43 million people, it will not be easy to find funds for each of them. There is no reliable data regarding payments, but the State Duma has adopted several options for improving the well-being of the pension category of citizens for consideration:
- one-time social assistance;
- indexation by 3.7%.
- three-stage mark-up;
- change in the retirement score by increasing its value to 81.49 rubles.
Pensioners will be paid 10 thousand rubles eachIt is not known exactly whether pensioners will be paid 10 thousand rubles each or not. Perhaps the amount of the payment will be the same as last year - 5 thousand rubles. If social assistance is still provided, then most likely they will not be able to receive it. It remains only to wait for 2018, because it will be then possible to find out for sure what changes will take place.
Who will receive social assistance
After the adoption of the bill on a lump sum payment, the following pensioners will be able to receive:
- persons of retirement age:
- disabled people;
- people facing the loss of a breadwinner;
- persons for whom an insurance pension is provided.
It is not yet known whether there is a likelihood of receiving benefits for the military and those who work after retirement.
Who will receive social payments Should we expect pension indexation?
Presidential elections will be held in Russia in 2018, so some pensioners are counting on a supplement to their pensions. But the information that pensioners will be paid 10 thousand rubles each has not yet been confirmed.
It is assumed that for persons who have stopped working, the pension will be indexed by 3.7% from the first day of the next year. Thanks to such changes, the size of payments will be increased by an average of 400 rubles. This means that the average pension in 2018 will be about 14 thousand rubles. A little later, namely in April, social pensions will be indexed. It is planned that payments will be increased by 4.1%. It does not apply to working pensioners, but in this case the pension point will be increased.
Predictions for 2018
In 2017, pensioners received a lump sum payment due to the lack of full-fledged indexation. According to analysts, social assistance was provided without prejudice to the country. Indexation is expected in 2018. The likelihood of re-issuing a one-time social assistance is insignificant, since there is no extra money in the budget, and general optimization is gaining momentum. For example, instead of actions aimed at slowing price growth and changing the size of pensions, programs were implemented to promote financial literacy of the population.
Which pensioners will be paid 10 thousand Summing up the results of 2017, wages and pensions began to fall at the end of this period, so in 2018 there will hardly be any noticeable improvements. Do not rely too much on social assistance for pensioners. Previously, such payments were not a gift, they were provided as compensation for those funds that were not received in 2016 due to the late indexation of pensions.
Doubtful help, since the payment is only made instead of the necessary indexation of the pension. The reaction of citizens is different: someone was delighted, someone was dissatisfied. But in any case, there is no need to hope for a repetition of the same story. Most likely, in 2018, the indexation will be done in the proper order.
Of course, none of the pensioners would refuse to receive a one-time social assistance in the amount of 5 or 10 thousand rubles annually, as happened in 2017, but a little bit of good.
To summarize: this year there was a specific reason for the payment of funds - defective indexation. According to experts, the government has won, but it is expected that in 2018 the pension will be indexed for inflation for the current year, that is, it will be increased by 3.7%. Currently, no reliable information has been provided regarding the lump sum payments by the government. It only remains to wait for next year.
On December 28, 2017, the President signed a new law on child benefits in 2018, which entered into force on January 1, 2018. According to the approved law, Russian families now have the right to receive new payments for children under 1.5 years old- these are targeted monthly benefits in the amount of the minimum subsistence level established in the region per child (on average, this is 10-10.5 thousand rubles):
According to the law, expect new benefits not all parents can, but only certain categories of them with modest incomes (that is, needy families).
Let's take a closer look at who will be entitled to and in what amount the new monthly benefits.
Payments for 1 child in 2018
Vladimir Putin offered to pay a monthly cash allowance to Russian families in need upon the birth of their first child. The new monthly payment is provided for by the law of December 28, 2017 "On monthly payments to families with children." From 2018, families in which the the following conditions:
As for the size of payments, it will correspond to the size child living wage in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation (region) for the 2nd quarter of the previous year. That is, in 2018 it is equal to the size of the subsistence minimum for children for the 2nd quarter of 2017 (see the exact amounts in).
Payments are calculated on a targeted basis and are calculated individually, depending on the region. As a guideline are called national average amounts:
- 10 523 rubles in 2018;
- 10 836 - in 2019;
- 11,143 - in 2020.
The new supplement for the first child will be paid in addition to up to 1.5 years old, also paid for the first child. The program is pre- designed for three years, and the projected budget expenditure for its implementation is estimated at 144.5 billion rubles (in 2018 - 21.4, in 2019 - 55.1, in 2020 - 68.0 billion rubles).
The procedure for recording the income of citizens to obtain the right to payment
When calculating the average per capita family income, the subsistence minimum established in the region of residence will be taken into account. for able-bodied citizens for the second quarter of the previous year (for each constituent entity of the Russian Federation it is set separately - see summary).
- The period for which incomes are taken into account to calculate the average per capita income - 12 months prior to treatment... Moreover, income before income tax will be taken into account.
- If family income information is provided for a period less than 12 months, then the correspondence of income to the action of the program will be calculated in proportion to the number of months for which the data is provided.
The calculation algorithm is as follows: 1/12 of the parents' total income for 12 months is divided by the number of family members (in this case, given that the child is the first, it is divided by three). Amount received should not be more than one and a half times higher established in the region of the PM of the working population.
The procedure for issuing a monthly payment for 1 child from 2018
To register payments for the first child, you need to apply with the documents to the bodies of social protection of the population directly or through the MFC. Co-payments will be assigned due to for one year. After this period, you will need to reapply and provide documents for extending the benefit until the child turns 1.5 years old. Make out allowances for the first child will be on the mother of the child or father, guardian (adoptive parent) in the event of her death.
You can apply any time from birth until the child reaches one and a half years. However, parents need to consider:
- if you apply for an allowance before the child turns 6 months old, then payments will be assigned from the date of birth of the child(that is, accrued including for all previous months);
- if you apply later than six months after the birth of the child, then payments will be assigned only from the moment of contact excluding the missed period.
Payments from maternity capital in 2018 in cash
The second fundamentally new measure of state assistance to families with children in 2018 will be similar cash payments from maternity capital in the amount of the subsistence minimum, which will be paid monthly for the second child up to one and a half years. Conditions for granting payments according to:
- second child must be born on January 1, 2018 and is a citizen of the Russian Federation;
- the need of the family - the average per capita income is equal to no more than one and a half times the subsistence minimum for the working-age population in the corresponding region.
Monthly payments from maternity capital up to 1.5 years will be provided in cash (more precisely - transferred non-cash to a bank account or card, from where they can be withdrawn or spent directly) in an amount equal to the child's subsistence minimum in the region (10,500 rubles on average in the country, amounts for individual regions for 2018 can be viewed at).
Therefore, they can be used for any needs of the family, and not only in the main areas provided for by law:
- teaching children;
- mom's pension;
- improving living conditions;
- goods and services for disabled children.
How to issue a payment from maternity capital in cash for 2 children from 2018
To register payments from the mother capital for a second child born on January 1, 2018, you need to contact to the Pension Fund of Russia(FIU). It will also be possible to apply through multifunctional centers (MFC).
- The period during which families will receive payments - 1 year from the date of application.
- After this period, documents and an application will need to be resubmitted in order to confirm the status of a needy family and continue receive benefits up to 1.5 years.
The allowance will be issued to the person who receives the certificate. The law provides for the opportunity to apply for a monthly payment in connection with the birth of a second child simultaneously with the application for the issue certificate for maternity capital.
If the family has since January 1, 2018 twins are born, then you will need to apply for payments for one child, for the second - to the Pension Fund.
New law on child benefits in 2018 (Putin's decree)
In addition to the new one, as well as up to 1.5 years, according to another law introduced on behalf of the President and approved in December 2017 on amending the law on maternity capital, some innovations in 2018 will affect the program itself:
- Matkapital extended until December 31, 2021- thus, families in which a second or subsequent child (including an adopted child) appeared in the period from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2021 inclusively, will have the right to receive it.
- It will be possible to use maternity capital at any time after the birth of a second or subsequent child to pay for preschool education. It is assumed that thanks to this, mothers will be able (if they wish) to send their child to a nursery and go to work or continue their studies, without waiting for the end of maternity leave.
Note: laws on new child benefits up to 1.5 years and on the extension of maternity capital were adopted and signed by the President in December 2017, they came into force on January 1, 2018.
It should be noted that new measures to support families with children are aimed at implementing the National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Children, as well as at improving the demographic situation and raising the birth rate in the country.
So, according to Rosstat, in the first nine months of 2017, the natural decline in the country's population amounted to more than 106 thousand people, while in the first seven months of 2016 the birth rate exceeded the death rate by 18.2 thousand.
According to the President, the average amount of the allowance in the country will be 10,523 rubles in 2018, 10,836 rubles in 2019, and 11,143 rubles in 2020.
Families in which the first child will be born on January 1, 2018 can apply for the allowance, explained to RBC in the office of Deputy Prime Minister Olga Golodets (oversees the social block of the government), the average per capita family income as a criterion of need will be calculated taking into account the newborn. It turns out that the border between “needy” and “unnecessary” households will be at the level of 4.5 times the subsistence minimum of the working-age population for a family of three. It will not matter whether the parents are working or not to receive new benefits, said a spokeswoman for the Ministry of Labor.
For example, a family in Moscow can qualify for a first-born allowance, provided that the total family income does not exceed 84,339 rubles. per month (the subsistence minimum for the working-age population in Moscow in the second quarter of 2017 was set at 18,742 rubles). In this case, in 2018 they will be able to receive a monthly allowance in the amount of 14,252 rubles.
How much money will it take?
"The financial expenses for the implementation of this measure will amount to 144.5 billion rubles in three years," Putin said. Based on this, the state will pay an average of about 370 thousand such benefits every month.
The new payment will be financed from the reserve funds of the government and the president, already included in the budget for 2018-2020, Finance Minister Anton Siluanov. "Changes to the draft federal budget for 2018-2020 will not be required due to the need to fulfill the instructions of the president in the field of demography," he stressed.
According to the bill on the federal budget for 2018-2020 (adopted by the State Duma in three readings), the president's reserve fund is 10 billion rubles. annually, the government reserve fund - 52.6 billion rubles. in 2018 (hereinafter - 2.3 billion rubles each). In addition, the reserve for "measures carried out on the basis of individual decisions of the President of the Russian Federation" includes another 503 billion rubles. for three years.
Photo: Evgeny Pereverzev / Kommersant
What is not clear about the new manual?
The details of payment processing are not yet known: what documents will need to be presented in order to receive benefits, who will pay them - the employer, regional or federal authorities. It is also unclear for what period family income will be calculated, whether the authorities will seek to track informal income and whether a household income register will be kept. It is not clear from the president's speech; the Ministry of Labor and the office of Deputy Prime Minister Olga Golodets did not answer these questions.
Bills aimed at supporting the birth rate will be developed and soon submitted to the government by Labor Minister Maxim Topilin.
What benefits and payments for a child are there now?
Before the birth of a child, every working woman receives maternity allowance for a period of maternity leave - usually it lasts 140 days and is paid at 100% of the average earnings for all days of vacation. In addition to the maternity allowance, there is a one-time payment for women registered in early pregnancy, its amount in 2017 is 613 rubles.
At the birth of a child, a one-time state aid is provided, the amount of which in 2017 is 16 350 rubles. for each newborn (paid by the employer, and by the unemployed through the social security department).
After the birth of a child, a working woman receives payments for childcare up to one and a half years, their amount is 40% of the average earnings. Payments are made by the employer from the budget of the Social Insurance Fund - contributions to it are made from salaries in the amount of 2.9%. In 2017, the minimum amount of such an allowance for the first child was 3,065.69 rubles, the maximum - 23,120.66 rubles. The FSS budget for 2018 provides 172.7 billion rubles for these payments.
If a second and subsequent child is born in the family, the family receives maternity capital from the state - a lump sum payment from the PFR budget in the amount of 453,026 rubles. (the amount of the payment has not been indexed since 2015). Maternity capital can be used to improve housing conditions, pay for a child's education, form a funded mother's pension or social adaptation of disabled children. Vladimir Putin announced on Tuesday that the materkapital program will be extended until December 31, 2021. In addition, a new opportunity will be provided - to direct maternity capital funds to pay for preschool education for a child from his two months of age, and not from three, as it is now.
Since 2012, a presidential decree has also been in effect, which recommends that the heads of the constituent entities pay benefits to families where the third and subsequent child was born, in the amount of the subsistence minimum for children until the child reaches the age of three. In 2016, such payments were made in 69 regions.
Photo: Anatoly Zhdanov / Kommersant
Will the allowance help increase fertility?
Announcing new measures, the president said: "Today we need to take a set of measures that will stabilize and prevent a decline in the population of Russia in the coming decade." According to Putin, "in fact, we need to reset our policy of demographic development."
The new allowance will stimulate the growth of the birth rate: it will somewhat smooth life with the first child and will motivate to give birth to the second, says Olga Savinskaya, associate professor at the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Higher School of Economics. “Forced poverty after the birth of the first child stops the birth of the second. Since in our country people of childbearing age - both men and women - are decreasing by 1 million every year, it is important to stimulate them to have a second child, ”she says.
The State Duma is ready to support any measures aimed at improving the demographic situation, the head of the State Duma Committee on Social Policy and Veterans Affairs Yaroslav Nilov (deputy head of the LDPR faction in the State Duma) told RBC. “According to the announced plans and basic criteria, not all families with one child will immediately be able to receive these payments, but a start will be made. And then it is necessary to gradually raise the conditional “neediness bar”, expand the circle of families, which, due to their property status, also have the right to count on financial support from the state, ”Nilov explained.
The new allowance will have a positive effect on the level of real incomes of the population, Savinskaya said. The amount of payment in the amount of the child's subsistence level is the minimum that can be paid under current conditions, the expert says, but benefits in Russia have always been rather symbolic.
The new measures can stimulate the birth of children in rather poor and dysfunctional families, Savinskaya admits. But policies to stimulate the birth rate must cover all social strata, she says.
How does this relate to the elections?
The measures announced by the president should be considered rather as measures of social support for young families, including in the context of the electoral cycle, but they can hardly be considered demographic proper, says Anatoly Vishnevsky, director of the HSE Institute of Demography. The birth rate in Russia is quite comparable with the indicators of developed countries, there is no big problem or threat, and it is impossible to significantly increase the birth rate in the current realities, the expert believes. But the total number of births of children depends on the number of potential mothers, which in Russia has sharply decreased due to the demographic cycle - it is impossible to change this circumstance. “There are more serious problems on the horizon of the next decade that need to be discussed - this is the mortality rate of the population and migration,” Vishnevsky said.
The initiative to pay for the birth of the first child works in favor of the main candidate from the government, who is likely to become Vladimir Putin, Evgeny Minchenko, head of the Minchenko Consulting holding, told RBC. “Social populism is a necessary component of the pre-election cocktail in Russia,” he says. According to the political scientist, in this way the Kremlin seeks to attract part of the electorate - young parents - to the elections.
Money for children. World experience
Germany
Child benefits are paid monthly until the age of 18, but the age limit may be higher: up to 21 years, if the teenager cannot find a job through the official employment services of European countries; or even up to 25 years in case of incapacity for work. The amount of this allowance is 192 euros per month for the first and second child, 198 for the third and 223 for the fourth and each subsequent child.
France
At the birth of each child, the parents are paid a lump sum of 927 euros or 1,855 euros in case of adoption. The parents are then paid a monthly allowance of 92 to 185 euros for three years, depending on their income. If the child is the first in the family, after this period, payments stop, however, for two children they pay 130 euros a month, for three - 297, for four - 464 euros until they reach 21 years of age.
There are no special payments for childbirth in the United States, but there are substantial tax credits for parents, up to a maximum of $ 1,000 per child. This fall, President Donald Trump and GOP officials proposed increasing the cap on tax credits to $ 1,600 per child.
United Kingdom
Families with a per capita income of no more than one and a half regional subsistence minimum can count on them. The amount of the benefit will be equal to the amount of the child's subsistence minimum in the region, and this is an average of 10.5 thousand rubles per month, in 2019 - 10.8 thousand, in 2020 - 11.1 thousand rubles.
In Russia, even before that there were "children's" allowances, which are paid at the birth of a child and until the moment he turns one and a half years old. Working mothers receive them through the social insurance fund, since the employer deducts contributions to this fund for them. And for mothers who have never worked, this money is paid by social protection services. And these benefits are paid for all children born in the family - even the first, even the tenth.
As explained to "RG" in the Ministry of Labor, the emergence of new benefits will not cancel the "old". They have been paid and will continue to be paid. Another thing is that these amounts will be taken into account when calculating family income.
For example, in connection with the birth of a child, a mother does not work, but receives an allowance of 10 thousand rubles, a father works and earns 20 thousand, and the living wage in the region is 15 thousand rubles. This means that the family income is 30 thousand rubles a month, and one and a half living wages for a family member of three people is 67.5 thousand rubles. Therefore, such a family will also be paid a "new" allowance.
An important nuance - they will start paying for children born on January 1, 2018.
The monthly payment in connection with the birth of the first or second child will not be assigned to people whose children are fully supported by the state, as well as to those who are deprived of parental rights or are limited in them. Payment is not required even if the mother and child do not live permanently in Russia.
If a woman dies, has been deprived of parental rights, or her adoptions have been canceled, fathers, adoptive parents or guardians of the child have the right to apply for the benefit.
The federal budget will finance payments for the first and second child. For benefits for the first, the money will be transferred to the regions, and for payments for the second - to the Pension Fund of Russia, since at the birth of the second child, the payment will be made every month from the funds of the mother capital. Thus, the number of attempts to "cash out" the mother capital by illegal means should be reduced.
Also in 2018, we recall that the list of regions - recipients of subsidies for payments at the birth of a third child and subsequent child is expanding. Now there are 60 of them. According to the Ministry of Labor and Social Development, regional authorities can introduce payments on their own, without the support of the federal budget. So the real number of regions where benefits for the third child are paid may be higher.
Parents will be paid an allowance in the amount of the child's subsistence level. This type of benefits is paid for not one and a half years, but until the boy or girl turns three years old.
Deputies from the Communist Party faction introduced a legislative draft to the State Duma, which provides for the distribution between the Russian population of a part of the income received by the state budget as a result of the extraction of useful resources. The document can be seen on the website of the State Duma.
First of all, the legislative draft concerns citizens of working age and retired persons. In accordance with the proposal, for the 1st financial year, it is necessary to distribute twenty percent of the federal budget revenues from payments that were received as a result of the extraction of useful resources from subsoil users. This amount is assumed to include tax and levies.
Also, the bill implies that each subsequent year it is necessary to increase payments by two percent. In turn, the authorities must establish a procedure for obtaining their share by the population of the Russian Federation.
Who can receive the cash payment?
The document lists the groups of citizens who are entitled to receive such income. These include persons who have worked for at least 9 months in the current financial year, and this time period was entered in the work book. People who are registered in the employment center can apply for payments, provided that they do not receive benefits due to unemployment.
Payments are due to all pensioners who have at least "5 years of work experience."
In accordance with the calculations of the deputies who initiated the bill, if it is adopted and it entered into force, then citizens can count on 10 thousand rubles.
The opinion of the authorities
The Russian government is against such an initiative. The authorities explain their position by the fact that such payments go beyond the regulations of the law on subsoil, in which they will be made. The ministers also focused on the fact that the distribution of federal budget revenues is attributed to the regulation of budgetary legislation.
In addition, a certain part of the financial resources is spent on ensuring the functionality of the state, in particular, protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, and strengthening the National Welfare Fund and the Reserve Fund.
It was decided that the right of the Russian population to receive income from the extraction of useful resources is carried out with the help of expenditures at the state level, to provide compensation and provide benefits.
On budget revenues
In June, the State Duma approved amendments to the legislative draft on the federal budget. And more favorable indicators were included in the main financial instrument of the Russian Federation.
So, initially they mean GDP, which is more than 92 trillion. rubles. And this exceeds the previous forecast calculations by 6 trillion. In accordance with the document, the planned income will increase by 1.1 trillion. rubles, and will amount to a total of 14.
And the additional trillion will bring a higher price than previously predicted for oil resources.
Discussion of the bill