Manor "Kolomenskoye": wiki: Facts about Russia. The most important historical events that took place in Kolomenskoye

It was founded, according to legend, by the inhabitants of Kolomna, who fled from the hordes of Khan Batu. The first written mention of Kolomenskoye is in the will of Ivan Kalita in 1339. Initially, Kolomenskoye was the fiefdom of the Moscow Grand Dukes, then the Tsars. Now it houses the Kolomenskoye state art historical-architectural and natural-landscape museum-reserve.

The Kolomenskoye State Artistic Historical-Architectural and Natural-Landscape Museum-Reserve is located in the south of Moscow, not far from the Kolomenskaya metro station. The main entrance of Kolomenskoye is located on Andropov Avenue, but you can enter the territory from Novinki Street.

Closest to Novinki Street is the Ethnographic Museum of Wooden Architecture, which is being created on the territory of the Kolomenskoye Museum. I'll start with him.

The Museum of Ancient Russian Architecture in the 1920s was started by the architect P.D. Baranovsky.

Ancient wooden structures were brought from all over Russia and installed in the Ascension Garden - not far from the historical part of Kolomenskoye.

This photo shows that back in 2005, the Gate Tower of the Nikolo - Karelian Monastery stood near the Church of the Ascension. And the church itself was under restoration.

Now the tower and some other wooden buildings have been moved to the north of the park and create a separate wooden town there.

During the transfer, the wooden buildings were completely dismantled and reassembled in a new place.

The gate tower of the Nikolo-Karelian Monastery of the 17th century. Brought to Kolomenskoye in 1932. Then it was twice restored in the late 1970s and today (mid-late 2000s)

The tower was built in the Nikolo-Karelian monastery in 1692 on the site of the burned down Holy Gates.

The tower was moved along with a piece of the wall - which adds to its interest

Moss tower of the Sumy prison. Built in the 80s of the 17th century. Ostrog stood on the shores of the White Sea. In 1931, the director of the museum-reserve Pyotr Dmitrievich Baranovsky moved to Kolomenskoye all the structures of the tower that remained at that time.

The structures were kept in the museum's storerooms for over 70 years, until in 2003 reconstruction and reconstruction of the tower began. Thanks to the efforts of the restorers, we can now see this tower in the museum.

Bratsk prison tower. The date of its construction is 1654. The Bratsk prison had 4 towers. Until our time, only two survived, and they are far from each other. This one is in the museum in Kolomenskoye. The second is in the museum of the city of Bratsk.

In 1957-1958, during the construction of the Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station, the territory of the prison fell into the reservoir zone, so all the historically valuable buildings that survived (including this tower) were dismantled and taken away from there. In 1959 this tower was brought to Kolomenskoye.

In the 1970s, the tower was reconstructed. Then the tower was installed in the Ascension Garden. In 2007, the tower was moved to a new location - on the territory of the emerging museum of wooden architecture. Isn't it true that a combination of Old Russian and modern Russian architecture looks original in the new place.

The high towers of the fortresses are somewhat lost against the background of modern high-rise buildings.

Still, looking at wooden buildings is more pleasant than concrete boxes :)

The wooden church of St. George the Victorious appeared in Kolomenskoye later than the towers. It was brought here from an abandoned village near Arkhangelsk and restored under the direction of the architect Igor Shurgin. And the original date of its construction is 1685.

But the mill is definitely a remake. The mill was recreated in 2007 on the model of the 19th century water mills.

During the construction of the mill, the channel of the Zhuzhi River was cleared of debris and improved. Say what you like - it turned out beautifully.

The area around the mill was also improved. We planted trees. The bridge was thrown at the confluence of the Zhuzhi river with the Moscow river

Improved the mouth of the Zhuzhi River and the Moskva River embankment

During the navigation period, something constantly floats along the Moskva River in the Kolomenskoye area. Either barges, or nimble boats ...

then pleasure boats.

Traveling from the southern river station, ships pass the locks right in front of Kolomenskoye.

Even from the water mill you can see the Church of the Ascension towering on a steep bank, so it immediately becomes clear where to go.

The Church of the Ascension is a wonderful landmark and a very beautiful structure - practically the heart of Kolomenskoye. However, I will now do a "feint with my ears" and find myself again at the gates of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve, but now at the main entrance, from the side of Andropov Avenue.

However, if you study the "materiel" in more detail, it turns out that these gates are not the main ones, but the Rear ones.

The rear (Spassky) gates do not lead to the territory of the museum itself, being both in front of the gates and behind them - you are still on the territory of Kolomenskoye. Spassky (Rear) gates lead to the territory of the Tsar's court. This gate served as an economic entrance. Carts with various luggage and other household carts passed through them. Important persons entered the Tsar's courtyard through the Front Gate.

In 2000-2001, the gate was restored and became beautiful and safe.

After passing through the gate, we find ourselves on an alley - leading through the entire Tsar's yard from the Back to the front gate.

On the left side of the alley (as viewed from the Spassky Gate) is the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.

The Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was built during the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich.

The church was connected to the royal palace by a covered passage and was the royal court temple.

In the middle of the 18th century, the royal palace was moved to a new location and the church became the parish church of Kolomenskoye.

Currently, the temple is active. Services are constantly held in it.

After walking along the alley to the end, we will see the Front Gate. Earlier, in those days when Kolomenskoye was the sovereign's residence, the entrance to the Sovereign's courtyard was carried out from the side of the Moscow river. It was these gates that met the Emperor and the ambassadors.

The front gate was built during the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1672-73.

On the north side, the front gate is adjoined by stone one-story chambers of the Prikaznaya hut. On the south side were the Colonel's Chambers and the glaciers' quarters.

In 2002-2003, the Front Gate was restored. Thanks to this, they became more similar to the gates as they were during the existence of the Kolomenskoye royal summer residence.

Let's walk a little from the church of the Kazan Mother of God not to the gates, but deep into the park, where the walls have now been built.

Behind the whitewashed walls is the wooden House of Peter I in Kolomenskoye, built in 1702 on Markov Island at the mouth of the Northern Dvina near the White Sea and brought to Kolomenskoye in 1934 by P.D. Baranovsky.

Near the house there is a monument to Peter the Great.

And also anchors.

We pass through the Front Gate, leaving the Tsar's yard, and now, finally, a wonderful view opens up in front of us from the steep bank of the Moscow River. On our right hand there will be small buildings, the location of which is somewhat chaotic, and a little ahead - the Church of the Ascension.

In 2005, restoration work was carried out on the Bell Tower of the Church of St. George the Victorious.

This bell tower was built in the second quarter of the 16th century and was the bell tower of the Ascension Cathedral.

Near the bell tower are the Church of St. George the Victorious and the Vodovzvodnaya tower. The Church of St. George the Victorious was built in the middle of the 19th century. In 1928 it was closed and partially dismantled. In 2004 it was reconstructed.

The Vodovzvodnaya Tower was built in the 70s of the 17th century.

As the name implies, it was intended to provide water to the Tsar's court. The tower also functioned as a gate. In 2002, the tower was restored.

And finally, the Church of the Ascension of the Lord.

The Church of the Ascension of the Lord was built in the 16th century by order of the Grand Duke Vasily III in honor of the heir to Ivan IV (the Terrible).

The construction of the Church of the Ascension was completed in 1532.

The restoration of the church went on for a long time.

Until 2007, she was pulled into scaffolding

And finally, the Ascension Temple again pleases us with its whiteness.

The restoration had to be carried out with extreme care, without significantly changing anything. After all, this temple for all the years of its existence has not undergone significant changes in its appearance and has come down to us almost in its original form. The Church of the Ascension is a unique cultural monument and is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List

At the time of construction, the Church of the Ascension of the Lord was the tallest building in the Moscow region.

Its height is over 60 meters.

And the steep bank of the Moskva River elevates the temple even more.

Earlier in winter, children sledged down a steep hill almost from the foot of the temple.

Now, so that no one gets hurt and a greater order is observed in the historical place, the slope was fenced off with a fence and an observation deck was made (you can ride a sled a few tens of meters from the monuments of architecture).

The Palace Pavilion is also located on the steep bank. Built in 1825, this pavilion is the only thing left of the complex of buildings of the imperial Alexander Palace, which stood nearby.

Now the pavilion is completely restored

And in 2005, restoration work was carried out and scaffolding stood around the pavilion.

From the steep bank, between the Church of the Ascension and the pavilion, a beautiful view of the Moskva River opens up. On the left, you can see the gateway mentioned above.

And in general, the opposite shore is visible far, far away. The eyes are resting, looking into the distance.

Being in Kolomenskoye it is good to walk along the Golosov ravine. Fortunately, it was recently ennobled.

The stream bed was lined with stones, a path was laid, bridges and stairs were placed - for greater convenience of visitors.

The steep bank near the springs is made in such a way as to exclude soil shedding.

The tree around the Maiden's Stone is decorated with rags of cloth

According to legend, this stone can heal - for this you need to attach a sore spot to it.

Unfortunately, I was not able to take a good photo of the girl's stone due to the abundance of visitors around it.

An apple orchard is spread over the ravine. Previously, the garden was fenced, but now it is part of the park with benches.

Near an apple orchard on the steep bank of the Moskva River, surrounded by an old cemetery, stands the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist.

The date of its construction is 1560-1570 years. For a long time, the church stood in desolation and this corner of Kolomenskoye was rather gloomy, but from 2008 to 2009 a complete reconstruction of the temple was carried out.

At the same time, the embankment of the Moskva River was improved and extended. Previously, visitors to the park did not like to come here. Now, on a fine summer day, it is very crowded here.

In the fall of 2009, the palace was already erected, however, construction work was still ongoing. Now it is open and very beautiful inside. See more details on the photos of the palace

In the park itself there are several old-old trees, the view of which is impressive. There are ancient oaks planted several hundred years ago, the oldest oaks in Moscow.

At one of the exits from Kolomenskoye there is a small wooden house - a pretty one.

But the most important thing is that there is a lot of greenery in Kolomenskoye ...

And flowers.

But the most beautiful thing in Kolomenskoye is in the spring - when all the trees are blooming.

Come to Kolomenskoye. It is beautiful at any time of the year. Personally, I will definitely visit Kolomenskoye again.

Photo: 2015 - Nikon NIKON D610, 2007-2010 - Nikon D70S. 2005 autumn - Fujifilm finepix S7000, 2005 winter - old 2 MP olympus.

Mochalov Artyom aka ToM IllenY

I would like to express my gratitude to Nina Borovikova for correcting the text of the article.

The Kolomenskoye Museum Reserve is a royal estate with ancient architectural monuments and an extensive park, one of the most interesting places in Moscow. Many pages and events of Russian history are associated with it.
According to legend, the village of Kolomenskoye was founded by people from Kolomna, who came to these places, fleeing the invasion of Khan Batu in the 1230s. The first written mention of the village dates back to 1336: in a spiritual letter, the Great Moscow Prince Ivan Kalita bequeathed to his heirs his patrimony near Moscow.
Later there was a suburban residence of the great Russian princes and Russian tsars. Vasily the Third, Ivan the Terrible, Peter the First, Catherine the Second, Alexander the First lived in Kolomenskoye. The heyday of the royal estate fell on the reign of the sovereign Alexei Mikhailovich "Quiet", who built a wooden palace of extraordinary beauty here. Unfortunately, this miracle of wooden architecture has not survived to this day.

Now the palace of Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye was rebuilt according to ancient drawings, but it does not stand in its historical place. Previously, it was located in the center of the estate, in the Tsar's yard, surrounded by a fence, fragmentary preserved to the present day.

The rear gate of the fence of the royal residence with the riflemen's guards served as a "back door", used for the delivery of provisions and household needs.

Guests of honor, ambassadors, as well as the tsar himself entered the estate through the front front gate. From the north, the Prikaznaya hut is adjacent to the main entrance - the tsar's office. From the south - the Colonel's Chambers, where the guards were located, and the Sytny Yard, which served as a kitchen and storage for supplies.

From the Back to Front gates, you can walk along the alley and admire the tsar's home church - the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. He is very smart, with golden stars on the onions. Here is one of the most revered icons in Russia - the miraculous "Sovereign Mother of God".
Outside of the Tsar's court, there is the pearl of the royal estate - the snow-white Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye.
This temple was erected in 1530 under Vasily III in honor of the birth of his son and heir Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible. The height of the building is 60 meters, it is the tallest building of that time and the first stone tent-roofed temple in Russia. It has come down to us in its original form, protected by UNESCO.

The Church of St. George the Victorious and the round St. George bell tower were erected very close to the Ascension Church.
From Voznesenskaya Square, wonderful views of the bend of the Moscow River open up.
Not far away is the Vodovzvodnaya Tower, which served to supply water to the royal residence.

temple of Kazan Mother of God

History
The village of Kolomenskoye, located on the road from Moscow to Kolomna, was founded, according to legend, by the inhabitants of the city of Kolomna, who fled from Batu. The first written mention is in the spiritual letter (testament) of Ivan Kalita in 1336. Initially, it was the patrimony of the Moscow grand dukes, then the tsars.
Vasily III built here in 1528-1532 the famous tent-roofed Church of the Ascension (probably laid for praying for childbirth). In articles about the Church of the Ascension, it is often credited with the function of a watchtower, but this is a pure invention of Soviet historians, since until 1867 the drum of the head was deaf and there could not be any used premises.

Ivan the Terrible, possibly in honor of his wedding to the kingdom in 1547-1554. built in the neighboring village of Dyakovo (now within the boundaries of the museum-reserve) the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist. I. Zabelin points out that Ivan the Terrible had a custom to celebrate his name days in the Kolomna Palace (August 29).

In 1606 Kolomenskoye served as the headquarters of Ivan Bolotnikov, in 1610 - False Dmitry II.
The heyday of Kolomenskoye is associated with the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich - Kolomenskoye was his favorite residence. In 1667-1668. a magnificent wooden palace with 270 rooms is being built. The single complex of the Tsar's court included wooden mansions with a Kazan house church, Sytny, Kormovoy, Khlebny or Khlebenny courtyards or dvors, Prikaznye chambers, Colonel's chambers and guardhouses. The entire royal court is surrounded by a fence with three gates: Front, Back, Garden. Gardens are laid out around them, surrounded by a high pit. Museum-reserve Kolomenskoye

The events of the Copper Riot of 1662 are associated with Kolomenskoye.
Later, young Peter I often lived here; near Kolomenskoye, on the Kozhukhovskoye field, he arranged the famous "amusing battles".
After the death of Alexei Mikhailovich and the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, Kolomenskoye fell into decay. Under Catherine II, the dilapidated palace was dismantled. A new four-story palace was built in 1766-1767 by Prince P. V. Makulov (according to his own drawings) in a new place, opposite the northern facade of the Church of the Ascension. The lower two floors were stone and the upper ones were wooden.

In them P.V. Makulov used materials from the disassembly of Alexei Mikhailovich's chorus. In 1768, a second floor was built over the 17th century chambers of the entire Front Gate ensemble, including Sytny Dvor, Colonel's and Prikaznye Chambers (and here Makulov used materials from the disassembly in chorus). The entire ensemble was adapted for the kitchens of the new palace. The empress lived in the Kolomna palace in the summer during her stay in Moscow.

The Catherine Palace, in turn, was rebuilt according to the project of the architect E.D. Tyurin under Nicholas I in 1825. As SA Gavrilov established, the upper wooden floors were dismantled and new ones were built using materials from the dismantling, and the old masonry was used to the maximum in the laying of the lower two stone floors. The last palace was demolished in 1872.
Only one wing has survived from the 1825 palace. In the 1870s, roofs were repaired on all buildings in Kolomenskoye and wooden structures were made from materials from the dismantling of the palace. In 2001-2007, renovation work was carried out on the Church of the Ascension, the Front Gate ensemble, including the Prikaznye and Colonel's Chambers. According to SA Gavrilov, during the last renovation, all wooden structures from the previous Kolomna palaces were lost without research and fixation. After restoration since 2011, the largest all-Russian honey fairs are held at the fairground in Kolomenskoye.

18th century engraving - Kolomenskoye

Museum
The Kolomenskoye Museum was founded in 1923 on the initiative of the architect-restorer Pyotr Dmitrievich Baranovsky, who became its first director. At the end of the 1920s, according to his plan, to create a museum of wooden architecture, they began to bring in old wooden buildings: a small outbuilding from the village of Preobrazhensky, called in the museum a "mead brewery", the house of Peter I from Arkhangelsk, the Mokhovaya tower of the Sumy prison of the 17th century.
Under Baranovsky, an outbuilding from Preobrazhensky was erected in the place of the loft, opposite the place where the lost tent-roofed porch of the "command" chambers and the chambers themselves once stood. For the ceremonial royal court, where Alexei Mikhailovich received ambassadors, the outbuilding was not suitable, but the entire territory of the then museum was 25 hectares.
After Baranovsky, the House of Peter I was erected on the collapsed foundations of the 17th century. and on the traces of buildings of the XVI century. In a free meadow, the Holy Gates of the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery were erected, but they cut the beam that connected the Kazan Church with the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist. In 1959, a tower of the Bratsk prison from Siberia was erected near the gates of the Nikolo-Korelsky monastery.

According to SA Gavrilov's concept, a museum of wooden architecture had to be created on the left bank of the Zhuzhi River, where it was possible to make a micro-relief of the area. But they made a cut-down museum according to the project of V.M.Bodunov on the right bank (on the territory of the village of Kolomenskoye). Museum-reserve Kolomenskoye

Interesting Facts
Interestingly, until the beginning of the 80s of the 20th century, the village of Kolomenskoye was located on the territory of the museum, in which local residents lived, who, according to oral legends, were descended from the courtyards of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The buildings in which they lived were built of thick logs, but outwardly they rather resembled not classic Russian huts, but modern two-story barracks or apartment buildings. Some of the buildings were over 300 years old.
These buildings were protected by the state, as evidenced by the corresponding signs on the buildings. However, after the villagers were evicted from the territory of the museum-reserve, after a while the houses fell into decay, partially burned down and were dismantled.

Visitors to the museum-reserve can take part in ancient folk festivals with horseback riding and walks, as well as in the folklore performance "Old Wedding", during which guests dress up in folk wedding costumes and become heroes of the wedding ceremony.

Architectural monuments
Church of the Ascension of the Lord, 1528-1532
Kazan Church, XVII century
Bell tower of the Church of St. George the Victorious, XVI century.
Church of St. George the Victorious, XVI century
Refectory of the 19th century church at the Bell Tower of St. George the Victorious, XVI century.
Vodovzvodnaya tower, 17th century - the water-supply tower was built in the second half of the 17th century. In 1675, master Bogdan Puchin installed a water-supply mechanism in the tower, which supplied water to the Tsar's yard. The second purpose of the tower is the gateway to the Voznesensky Garden and the village of Dyakovo.
Palace Pavilion, 1825 Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve

Front gate, 1671-73 - served as the main entrance to the royal estate of the 17th century. Erected in 1671-1673. The gate consists of four tiers and ends with a tower with a double-headed eagle restored in 1994. In the belfry of the tower, there are clock chimes. Above the arches of the entrance is the Organ Chamber, in which in the 17th century. there was a special mechanism that set in motion the figures of lions, which were below the Front Gate. The lions, greeting the guest, rolled their eyes, raised their paws and uttered a roar. Above the Organ Chamber is the Clock Chamber with a functioning mechanism. Currently, the monument houses museum exhibitions.
Colonel's chambers, 17th century
Order chambers, 17th century
Saty courtyard, 17th century
Rear gate, 17th century
The inner and outer guardhouses at the Back Gate (recreated) of the 17th century.
Wall of the Fodder Yard, 17th century
Wall of the Khlebenny Dvor, 17th century
Fence of the Tsar's court, 17th century
Garden gate, XIX century - the surviving fragments were the gateway to the Ascension Garden. They were built at the beginning of the 19th century from the bricks of the dismantled buildings of the 17th century on the original foundation. The foundations suggest that the Garden Gate had approximately the same pylons as the Rear Gate.
Clock post (Chelobitny post), XVII century
Memorial pillar-chapel, XIX century - a memorial sign put up by peasants in the village of Shaidorovo in the last third of the 19th century, near the village of Tsaritsyno, in honor of Emperor Alexander II the Liberator and the abolition of serfdom. In 1980 he was transported to Kolomenskoye. Renovated in 2005. Previously, the monument was known as the boundary pillar.
Household building (Mead brewery), XVIII century
Bratsk prison tower, 1659
Tower of the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery, 1698
House of Peter I, XVIII century - was built in 1702 on the island of St. Mark at the mouth of the Northern Dvina by ship craftsmen. Peter I lived in it for two and a half months, overseeing the construction of the Novodvinsk fortress, located on the mainland, opposite the island. At the same time, the foundations of the Russian navy were laid here, at the Solombala shipyards. In 1934 the House of Peter I was moved to Kolomenskoye.
Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist in Dyakov, mid-16th century
Tower of the Sumy prison (Mokhovaya), XVII century.
Watermill on the Zhuzhe River (recreated in 2007 based on the model of watermills of the mid-19th century).
The Lion's Gate of the Moscow Kremlin (fragments).
Wooden Church of St. George the Victorious, 1685 Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve
Models of historic buildings
The wooden palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich is a hypothetical exterior model with partial reconstruction of the interiors. It was built in 2008-2010 on the territory of the former village of Dyakovskoye without reference to its historical location and orientation to the cardinal points. The model was erected according to the drawings drawn up at the behest of Catherine II. During the construction, modern technologies were used - all structures are monolithic, reinforced concrete, then covered with logs.
Dutch house of Peter I - exterior and interior layout of the house of Peter I in Zaandam. It was presented to Russia by the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands as part of the 2013 cross-year of Russian-Dutch cooperation. Installed in the autumn of the same year on the right bank of the Zhuzha River, on the territory of the Museum of Wooden Architecture.

Natural monuments
Springs "Kadochka"
"Maiden's Stone"
"Horse head"
Voices ravine
Oak Grove Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve
Archaeological sites
Dyakovo Settlement.
Stern yard.
Borisov stone, XII century - a granite boulder, border mark of the possessions of the Polotsk prince Boris in the upper reaches of the Western Dvina. On the tablet near the stone it is written that the inscription is engraved on the stone: "Lord, save your servant Boris" (XII century). But this is not so - in fact, a cross is engraved on the stone, and it says "Sulibor Khrist", which means "Suliborov (belonging to Sulibor) cross". It was transported from the State Historical Museum and installed in Kolomenskoye in the 1920s.
Polovtsian woman, late 11th-12th centuries - a gravestone monument over the mound of the Polovtsian-Kuman. The word "baba" is of Turkic origin and means "father". South Russian steppes, late 11th - 12th century.

CHURCH GEORGE THE VICTORITY
Church of St. George the Victorious is a monument of wooden architecture of the Russian North in the Moscow Museum-Reserve "Kolomenskoye". Built in 1685 on the banks of the Yorgi River (present-day Arkhangelsk Oblast), it survived in an almost original form until the beginning of the 21st century, in 2008-2011 it was dismantled, transported to Moscow and restored on the territory of Kolomenskoye.
Not to be confused with the stone temple of the same name from the Kolomenskoye ensemble.

St. George's Church is a monument of traditional wooden architecture Podvinya of the 17th-18th centuries. It is a two-tiered building made of pine logs. The main part is a quadrangular blockhouse, installed on a high basement, with miniature openings for windows and an altar pentahedral extension from the east. Under the roof of the quadrangle, a belt with decor is visible, where the date of the consecration of the temple (April 1688) was originally painted on ancient boards. On the main part there is an upper, much narrower quadrangle with a barrel-shaped roof crowned with three domes with crosses standing in a row. The altar extension is also crowned with a barrel roof with a dome. The western façade has a covered porch with a staircase leading to the upper (above the basement) tier of the building. There is also a gallery-porch on consoles attached to the facade, which once went around the entire facade along the perimeter.

History
Initially, the St. George Church was part of the cemetery church ensemble of the Srednepogost parish in the remote village of Semyonovskaya on the banks of the Yorgi. According to the documents of the Vologda diocese, it is known that the St. George Church was built in 1685 at the expense of parishioners. In addition to it, in Semyonovskaya there was also a wooden Christmas Church (built in the 17th century; in contrast to St. George's - winter, heated) with a bell tower. In the 1720s, the Nativity Church burned down, later it was rebuilt, and St. George's Church survived in its original form.
By the beginning of the 19th century, the Srednepogost parish included 26 villages with a population of about 900 souls. In the 1890s, both churches were faced with timber, and inside they were decorated with paintings by unknown artists. St. George's Church in this form was preserved until the beginning of the XXI century. In the 1930s, Srednepogostsky churches were closed, the interior was plundered, later a school was set up in Rozhdestvenskaya, a club in St. George's, then a warehouse. In the second half of the 20th century, the villages of the former parish were practically deserted. Both churches were abandoned and dilapidated. At the turn of the 1980-1990s, the Nativity Church burned down.

Restoration work. 2010 year
Since 2003, the specialists of the Moscow United Museum-Reserve began developing a restoration project for the St. George Church, which was by that time under threat of destruction. The project was initiated by the artist Ivan Glazunov (son of Ilya Glazunov), who accidentally discovered a previously unknown church. In 2008, the temple was dismantled and transported to Moscow, in 2009 work began on the restoration of the temple and its restoration on the territory of the Kolomenskoye park, near the complex of the museum of wooden architecture.
In 2011, the construction of the church on the new site was completed. When restoring the log house, new logs were used to replace the dilapidated ones. Currently, St. George's Church, like other expositions of the Museum of Wooden Architecture in Kolomenskoye, is open to the public during the summer months.

Voices Ovrag
Golosov ravine (Vlasov ravine, Golos-ravine) is a ravine in Moscow, on the territory of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve. The name of the ravine may be of anthroponymic origin, cf. name Vlas, Vlasiy (option - Volos), surnames Golosov, Vlasov. There is, however, the name Voice-ravine, which has not yet been explained. The ravine stretches from to the modern Andropov Avenue. On the bank of the ravine is the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist. In the ravine itself, there are ancient stones, which probably had a sacred meaning - the Goose-stone and Devin (Maiden) stone.
Around 2007, the press published stories related to the Voice Ravine and presented either as real facts with reference to archival documents confirming them, or as urban legends.

The appearance at the beginning of the 17th century of a detachment of Tatar horsemen, led by the centurion of the army Devlet Giray, who actually marched to Moscow, but more than fifty years before the appearance of these horsemen, is confirmed. The Tatars from the detachment were tortured and showed that during the battle that took place 50 years before their appearance in Kolomenskoye, they tried to hide from pursuit in the Voice Ravine and met with a strange greenish fog in it.

Another legend speaks of a meeting of a Soviet policeman in the 30s of the XX century at night in a ravine with an unknown hairy humanoid creature of gigantic size. On seeing him, the policeman pulled out a pistol, but the creature disappeared. The policeman also talked about the strange fog.

Another mysterious story, which was reported in the newspaper "Moskovskie Vedomosti" on July 9, 1832, is the disappearance of two peasants who, even before the war with Napoleon, at night went from the village of Dyakovo to the village of Sadovniki (both were on the territory of modern Kolomenskoye) through the ravine and fell into the same greenish fog. On the way, they sat down to rest on Devin stone. They came out of the ravine after 21 years.

VILLAGE KOLOMENSKOYE AND ITS LEGENDS
Once I was walking with a friend of the artist in Kolomenskoye. And we went to its backyard, to the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist in the former village of Dyakovo. And before that, we crossed a large ravine, called Golosov, which has long been considered a mysterious and anomalous place.

Being downstairs and examining two huge stones (Devy and Gus), my companion said: “Here, even research was carried out by some solid laboratory in 1996-98. But before that, scientists worked in the archives, asked around the old-timers and collected a huge number of contemplative legends. I especially remember one. Two drunken peasants - this was back in the 19th century - were returning to their village. We decided to shorten the road and go through a ravine, along the bottom of which a thick greenish pimpled fog lay. Suddenly, the men, passing between two huge boulders, suddenly fell into a corridor, along which they entered an unfamiliar world.
There they saw hairy creatures who explained to them that they had entered another space and it would not be easy to return them, but they will try. After some time, the peasants again found themselves in a ravine, safely reached their village, but since their disappearance, as it soon became clear, more than twenty years had passed. True, there were relatives in the village who remembered the men. The police intervened and conducted an experiment. But it ended sadly: before the eyes of the experimenters, one person disappeared without a trace, and the other, seeing this, fell into a deep depression and subsequently committed suicide. So to wander around all sorts of "damn places" ...

And there is also a belief that this Virgin Stone helps with infertility. UFO lovers argue that the stones, Devy and Goose, are associated with space and that unidentified flying objects have been seen in the sky over Kolomenskoye repeatedly. Followers of esoteric teachings are sure that the ravine is the most important place in the sacred geography of Moscow. The Japanese and Chinese arrange expeditions here, here they are looking for the missing library of Ivan the Terrible "...

Finds, disappearances and wonders
The voice ravine is located strictly from west to east, as if it cuts through the natural magnetic field of the Earth. A stream or a small river flows along the bottom, formed by springs, of which there are a great many. Tradition tells that these springs are the traces of the horse of George the Victorious himself, who once rode here with the news of his victory over the serpent.
In 1995-96. scientists from the Institute of General Physics carried out measurements of electromagnetic fields here. The excess of the norm of electromagnetic radiation was more than 12 times, and near boulders - more than 27 times. But they say that the experiments almost ended tragically. Taking measurements in a ravine, one scientist was suddenly lifted into the air by an unknown force to a height of 2.5 m and then collapsed onto the steep slope of the ravine ...

The documents of the Moscow Province Police Department relating to the Kolomenskaya Volost for the period 1825-1917 repeatedly point to cases of mysterious disappearances of people among the residents of the villages of Kolomenskoye, Dyakovo, Sadovniki and Novinki.
Back in the 16th century, a hairy savage was seen in the dense gardens of Kolomenskoye. There is a mention of this in the annals. In Soviet times, a 2.5-meter ape-man came to the local gardens in 1926, this case was described in the article by A. Ryazantsev "Pioneers catching a goblin."

Dyakovskaya Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist
The exact date of the construction of this five-domed temple is unknown, but historians suggest that it was founded by Ivan the Terrible in 1547 in memory of his wedding to the kingdom. It was in Kolomenskoye that the archaeologist I. Steletsky was looking for and almost found the mysterious library of Grozny. And here, half a century later, the builder V. Porshnev almost found it again.

In 1938, having examined the hill that crowns the Church of the Beheading of the Head, Steletsky drew attention to the hilly area between the steep cliff and. It somehow stood out among the surrounding relief with an unnatural shape. Having started excavations, the archaeologist at a depth of seven meters came across a massive limestone masonry. But since the excavations were carried out on the territory of the church cemetery, soon, at the request of the inhabitants of the village of Dyakovo, they had to be curtailed.

On the eve of the Moscow Olympics-80, V. Porshnev, at that time the chief engineer of the Mosoblstroyrestavratsiya administration, supervised the repair work in the church, which was then ownerless and abandoned. In the center of the temple, closer to the altar part, a removed white-stone slab of the floor was found, and under it compacted sand. When the workers began to rake it, steps of white stone opened, going down at an acute angle towards the western wall. Above the steps and the manhole, a vault of large-sized bricks was found. They dug about a meter and a half - the stairs led further. Then, after consulting, the chief engineer and leading architect-restorer N. Sveshnikov ordered to weld the metal door and hang the locks. While they were negotiating with the management of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve to continue the work, someone knocked down the locks at night and dug a hole four meters deep. Seeing traces of the activities of unknown treasure hunters and not having the funds to continue the work, Sveshnikov and Porshnev decided to reliably secure the interesting object: they covered it with sand, tamped it down, poured it about half a meter with concrete and put the white stone slab back in place ...

From a skeptic's point of view
About the search for Steletsky, the former chief curator of the Kolomenskoye museum V. Suzdalev said that the archaeologist was looking for the library first in the tent church of the Ascension. By laying the pits in the foundation of the building, he greatly annoyed the restorer of the Kolomna architect P. Baranovsky, who appealed to the authorities with a demand to prohibit Steletsky, obsessed with treasure hunting mania, from spoiling the monument.
As for the underground voids in the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist, the church was equipped with a stove-air heating system, and, most likely, Suzdalev believes, construction workers stumbled upon one of the channels of this system in 1980. Moreover, the museum's old-timers said that in 1929 (three years after the "goblin" was seen in those places) Baranovsky himself dug under the altar the tomb of the priest of the Dyakovskaya church.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTOS:
Team nomad
http://mgomz.ru
http://pro-stranstva.ru/muzej-zapovednik-kolomenskoe/
Plyaknikov V.N. Kolomenskoye / Edited by V.A.Vesnin. - Moscow: Academy of Architecture of the USSR, 1944 .-- 63 p. - (Treasures of Russian architecture).
Wikipedia website.
http://old.vdvsn.ru/papers/si/2005/03/30/34234/
Zhiromsky B. B. House of Peter I in the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve. - M., 1969.
Gra M. A., Zhiromsky B. B. Kolomenskoe. - M .: Art, 1971. - 160 p.
Suzdalev VE Kolomenskoye: State Museum-Reserve of the 16th-19th centuries. Guide. - M .: Moscow worker, 1986 .-- 80 p. - 30,000 copies
Suzdalev V.E. Russian miracle. The Tsar's Palace in Kolomenskoye is a masterpiece of Russian wooden architecture of the second half of the 17th - first quarter of the 18th century. - M .: Penaty, 2005 .-- 160 p. - ISBN 5-7480-0117-9.
Batalov A. L., Belyaev L. A. Sacral space of medieval Moscow. - M .: Design. Information. Cartography, 2010 .-- 400 p. - ISBN 978-5-4284-0001-4.
Moscow State United Art Historical-Architectural and Natural-Landscape Museum-Reserve
History of the village of Kolomenskoye and its surroundings

Manor "Kolomenskoye" - the state museum-reserve "Kolomenskoye" is well known in Russia and abroad.

For the first time the village of Kolomenskoye was mentioned in 1336 in a spiritual letter (testament) Ivan Kalita... According to legend, it owes its name to the settlers from Kolomna who settled here.
The picturesque area on the elevated right bank of the Moskva River attracted the attention of the Moscow rulers, and Kolomenskoye turned into one of the country estates-residences of the great princes and tsars. The unique look of the estate began to take shape under Vasily III, by his order in 1532 an amazing beautiful temple was built Ascension of the Lord.

The legend connects its creation with the birth of his long-awaited heir to the Grand Duke - the future Russian Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible.
An obscure architect took the risk of deviating from the canons prevailing at that time in the construction of stone churches and built the first tent-roofed temple in Russia according to the traditions of wooden architecture.
The temple has always had a deep emotional impact on people. In 1994, along with the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square, the temple was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Near the temple is church of St. George the Victorious, built in the first half of the 16th century. Legend has it that the first church in the name of the patrons of Russian soldiers was built in Kolomenskoye by Dmitry Donskoy, who was returning through the village after the victory at the Kulikovo field. Perhaps the existing temple has inherited the name of the previous one.
The tsar, who loved to visit Kolomenskoye, built a huge palace that impressed with its luxury and splendor. It was a fabulous building with abundant woodcarving, painting, and precious interior decoration, which was called by contemporaries "the eighth wonder of the world." Unfortunately, the palace has been lost.
Simultaneously with the wooden palace was built church of Our Lady of Kazan - the house church of the royal family.
The royal residence was surrounded by a stone wall-fence. The front or Palace gates from the Moskva River served as the main entrance to the estate. Foreign embassies passed through them, and other solemn processions passed. The gate had two arched openings - a passageway and a passageway. Above the gates there are clock chambers, in which a clock mechanism was installed in 1673: the dial was turned towards the palace.

To enter the estate from the side of the village, two-arched Rear or Red gates were used, covered with a wooden roof in the form of a cross-shaped barrel.
The manor complex included stone outbuildings - for example, the Vodovzvodnaya (or Sokolinaya) tower. According to legend, under Alexei Mikhailovich, a great lover of falconry, falcons were kept in it.
In the middle of the 16th century, in the village of Dyakovo near Kolomenskoye, the Church of the Beheading of the Head of Ion the Predcheti was built. The temple was erected in memory of Ivan the Terrible's wedding to the kingdom or as a prayer for the granting of an heir to the first tsar.
In the 1920s, the remarkable Russian architect P.D. Baranovsky began to create the first open-air museum of wooden architecture in Russia. At various times, monuments of wooden architecture of the 17th-18th centuries were brought to Kolomenskoye, which were placed mainly in the ancient Ascension Garden. Nearby were wooden buildings from different regions of Russia: the Holy Gates of the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery in 1693 from the shores of the White Sea, the Bratskaya Tower of the mid-17th century. from the zone of the Bratsk hydroelectric power station, the memorial house of Peter I in 1702 from Arkhangelsk.
There are also secret places in Kolomenskoye. The ravine is shrouded in legends and traditions.
The ravine is located next to the ancient settlements that existed here in the times Ancient Rome... During excavations in Kolomenskoye, they found tombstones with inscriptions in Old Church Slavonic and Latin, as well as weapons and armor of Roman legionaries.
The ravine is formed by a stream flowing from the springs, of which there are a lot. Legend has it that these springs are the footprints of the horse George the Victorious, who galloped here with the news of his victory over the serpent.
The spring water does not freeze in winter and is considered miraculous.
The origin of the name "Golosov ravine" is most likely associated with the pagan god Volos, or Veles. Historians believe that the ravine was originally called "Volosov". Veles (Volos) is the god of chaos, violent, disordered, uninhabited nature, the ruler of the underworld. This version is also confirmed by the studies of geologists: Golosov ravine is located at the site of a fault and traces of ancient volcanic activity were found here. So these places can be considered "the gateway to the underworld."

Further, a series of legends related to the ravine begins.
The warriors of Khan Devlet-Girey spent 50 years in the ravine, which seemed to them a few minutes. The same thing happened with peasants from neighboring villages, who returned from the ravine in a few moments to their wives, who had aged by several years. A shaggy savage was seen here. And so on.

Another unusual attraction of these places is two huge stones in the depths of the ravine, weighing several tons each. Moreover, the bulk of these boulders are in the ground. Small peaks come to the surface.
One of the stones lies at the bottom of the ravine, the other on its high slope.
If you believe the legends, then these stones were worshiped by the pagan tribes who lived here about one and a half millennia ago. It was then that the stones got their names. The bottom of the stones is called "Goose".
It is believed that he patronized men, giving soldiers strength and good luck in battle. The upper one is the "Maiden's Stone". It, accordingly, brings happiness to the beautiful half of humanity.
The surface of the stones is very unusual. It resembles giant bubbles and is covered with numerous letters. It is believed that the stones have not lost their magical properties to this day. It is enough to come here, touch their wavy surface or sit on a stone, and this will help women in childbirth.

Externally, it is a piece of sandstone slab measuring 2 x 1.5 meters with characteristic oval-shaped bulges.
In ancient times, sacrifices were made here. According to the conclusion of geologists, the bulges were formed in the geological era by the deposition of suspended particles on boulders, but at the outer edge of the stone, the bulges were supplemented with a small artificial hole for draining the blood of a sacrificial animal or installing candles. The legend, prevalent among local residents, connects the "Virgin Stone" with St. George,
who at this place fought a battle with enemies and his wife and children died, allegedly buried under this stone. This is also associated with the ability of the stone to help women in childbirth. Hence its name.

The most important historical events that took place in Kolomenskoye

• 1380: Muscovites greeted Dmitry Donskoy, who returned from the Battle of Kulikovo with bread and salt.
• 1530: birth in Kolomenskoye on September 4, August 25 according to the Julian calendar, the heir to the throne - the future Tsar Ivan the Terrible
• 1532: Completion of the construction of the Church of the Ascension of the Lord in honor of the birth of Ivan. One of the first tent-roofed churches in Russia had a tremendous influence on the entire later Russian architecture. Composer Hector Berlioz admitted that in his entire life this building impressed him more than anyone else.
• 1564: The stay of Ivan the Terrible in December 1564 in Kolomenskoye ends with his departure to the Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda and the beginning of the oprichnina.
• 1605: False Dmitry stopped at Kolomenskoye on the way to Moscow before solemnly entering the capital.
• 1606: The ashes of False Dmitry were scattered by a cannon shot in the vicinity of Kolomenskoye
• 1606, December: Assault on Kolomenskoye occupied by the army of Ivan Bolotnikov
• 1649: Consecration in November 1649 of the Church of Our Lady of Kazan with two aisles. A district charter dated September 29 of the same year established the widespread celebration of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God: "in all towns, for all years." So began the celebration of Kazan, which today falls on November 4 according to the Gregorian calendar.
• 1662: Communication of Tsar Alexei with a crowd of indignant Muscovites during the "Copper Riot", then reprisals against the rioters.
• 1672: June 9, May 30 old style birth of Tsarevich Peter, future Tsar Peter I (presumably in Kolomenskoye)
• 1694: The first teachings of the "amusing troops" of Peter
• 1709: December 29, 18th Old Style birth of Princess Elizabeth, future Empress Elizabeth Petrovna

Kolomenskoye - the former royal residence and patrimony, a village near Moscow; now - the state art historical-architectural and natural-landscape museum-reserve. Located south of the center of Moscow, covers an area of \u200b\u200b390 hectares; is part of the Moscow State United Museum-Reserve "Kolomenskoye - Lefortovo - Lyublino - Izmailovo".

In Kolomenskoye, in the temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, there is one of the icons of the Mother of God revered in modern Russia - "Sovereign".

History

The village of Kolomenskoye, located on the road from Moscow to Kolomna, was founded, according to legend, by the inhabitants of the city of Kolomna, who fled from Batu. The first written mention is in the spiritual letter (testament) of Ivan Kalita in the city. Initially, it was the fiefdom of the Moscow grand dukes, then the tsars.

The heyday of Kolomenskoye is associated with the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich - Kolomenskoye was his favorite residence. In - years. a magnificent wooden palace with 270 rooms is being built. The single complex of the Tsar's court included wooden mansions with a Kazan house church, Sytny, Kormovoy, Khlebny or Khlebenny courtyards or dvors, Prikaznye chambers, Colonel's chambers and guardhouses. The entire royal court is surrounded by a fence with three gates: Front, Rear, Garden. Gardens are laid out around them, surrounded by a high pit.

The events of the Copper Riot are connected with Kolomenskoye. Later, young Peter I often lived here; near Kolomenskoye, on the Kozhukhovskoye field, he arranged the famous "amusing battles".

After the death of Alexei Mikhailovich and the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, Kolomenskoye fell into decay. Under Catherine II, the dilapidated palace was dismantled. The new four-story palace was built in 1766-1767 by Prince P.V. Makulov (according to his own drawings) in a new place, opposite the northern facade of the Church of the Ascension. The lower two floors were stone and the upper ones were wooden.

In them P.V. Makulov used materials from the disassembly of Alexei Mikhailovich's chorus. In 1768, a second floor was built over the 17th century chambers of the entire Front Gate ensemble, including Sytny Dvor, Colonel's and Prikaznye Chambers (and here Makulov used materials from the disassembly in chorus). The entire ensemble was adapted for the kitchens of the new palace. The empress lived in the Kolomna palace in the summer during her stay in Moscow.

The Catherine Palace, in turn, was rebuilt according to the project of the architect E.D. Tyurin under Nicholas I in 1825. As SA Gavrilov established, the upper wooden floors were dismantled and new ones were built using materials from the dismantling, and the old masonry was used to the maximum in the masonry of the lower two stone floors. The last palace was demolished in 1872. Only one wing has survived from the 1825 palace. In the 1870s, roofs were repaired on all buildings of Kolomenskoye and wooden structures were made from materials from the dismantling of the palace. In 2001-2007, repair work was carried out on the Church of the Ascension, the Front Gate ensemble, including the Prikaznye and Colonel Chambers. According to S. A. Gavrilov, during the last repair, all wooden structures from the previous Kolomna palaces were lost without research and fixation.

Kolomenskoye dvorec5.jpg

Palace of Catherine II

Kolomenskoye dvorec6.jpg

Kolomenskoye approx. 1800. In the foreground is the Church of the Kazan Mother of God. Figure: F. Alekseeva

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S. Alikosov. Ascension and Forerunner churches in the village. Kolomenskoye. 1879 g.

Museum

The Kolomenskoye Museum was founded in the city on the initiative of the architect-restorer Pyotr Dmitrievich Baranovsky, who became its first director. At the end of the 1920s, according to his plan, to create a museum of wooden architecture, they began to bring in old wooden buildings: a small outbuilding from the village of Preobrazhensky, named in the museum as a "mead brewery", the house of Peter I from Arkhangelsk, the Mokhovaya tower of the Sumy prison of the 17th century. Under Baranovsky, an outbuilding from Preobrazhensky was erected in the place of the loft, opposite the place where the lost hip-roofed porch of the "command" chambers and the chambers themselves once stood. For the ceremonial royal court, where Alexei Mikhailovich received ambassadors, the outbuilding was not suitable, but the entire territory of the then museum was 25 hectares. After Baranovsky, the House of Peter I was erected on the collapsed foundations of the 17th century. and on the traces of buildings of the XVI century. In a free meadow, the Holy Gates of the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery were erected, but they cut the beam that connected the Kazan Church with the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist. In 1959, a tower of the Bratsk prison from Siberia was erected near the gates of the Nikolo-Korelsky monastery.

According to SA Gavrilov's concept, a museum of wooden architecture had to be created on the left bank of the Zhuzhi River, where it was possible to make a micro-relief of the area. But they made a cut-down museum designed by V.M.Bodunov on the right bank (on the territory of the village of Kolomenskoye).

After restoration since 2011, the largest all-Russian honey fairs are held at the fairground in Kolomenskoye.

Buildings and constructions

Archaeological sites

1. Stern yard.
2. Borisov stone, XII century - a granite boulder, border mark of the possessions of the Polotsk prince Boris in the upper reaches of the Western Dvina. On the tablet near the stone it is written that the inscription is engraved on the stone: "Lord, save your servant Boris" (XII century). But this is not so - in fact, a cross is engraved on the stone, and it says "Sulibor Khrist", which means "Suliborov (belonging to Sulibor) cross". It was transported from the State Historical Museum and installed in Kolomenskoye in the 1920s.
3. Polovtsian woman, late-XII centuries. - a gravestone monument over the mound of the Polovtsian-Kuman. The word "baba" is of Turkic origin and means "father". South Russian steppes, end - XII century.

Natural monuments

1. Springs "Kadochka".
2. "Maiden's Stone".
3. "Horse's head".
4. Oak Grove.

In culture

In cinema