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The poem “Imitation of the Koran” was written by Pushkin in 1825. This work consists of 9 poems written by the poet under the impression received from reading the Koran translated into Russian by M. Verevkin. In his work, the poet describes episodes from the life of the Prophet (PBUH) and a free exposition of some surahs of the Koran.

In the first poem Imitations of the Koran cycle Pushkin writes about the revelation of the Koran to the Prophet (PBUH), about the power of Allah and his mercy to Muhammad (PBUH) and people. The poet’s words: “Love the orphans” are inspired by Surah Al-Maidat (“Alms”). A reminder that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) cared for the children of dead Muslims.

Second poem“Imitations” is dedicated to the wives of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his life.

O pure wives of the Prophet.
You are distinguished from all wives:

Under the sweet canopy of silence
Live modestly: it behooves you
The celibate maiden's veil...

Based on surahs “Abasa”, “Al-Wakiat”, “Hajj” the third poem was written works.

Ayat of the Qur'an: “On the day you see him, every woman who feeds will forget the one she fed, and every bearer of a burden will lay down her burden. And you will see people drunk, but they are not drunk. But Allah’s punishment is severe” (Quran, 22:2). Pushkin retold it in the following words:

But the angel will sound twice;

And brother will run from brother,
And the son will shrink away from his mother
And everyone will flow before God
Disfigured by fear
And the wicked will fall
Covered in flames and ashes."

Next part- this is a free retelling of the meaning of the verse “Didn’t you see the one who argued with Ibrahim about his Lord because Allah gave him power? So Ibrahim said: “My Lord, Who gives life and kills.” He said: “I give life and I kill.” Ibrahim said: “Behold, Allah brings out the sun from the east, so bring it out from the west.” And the one who did not believe was confused: Allah does not directly lead unrighteous people!

Pushkin's definition of the Qur'an as the "Shining Qur'an" comes from the well-known definitions of the Last Scripture: "Clear, Glorious, Noble, Wise." Pushkin’s expression “let us too flow into the light” is his understanding of the essence of Islam.

Verse six The poem is dedicated to those who died in battles with idolaters and pagans. It talks about Paradise, which awaits the lost.

In the seventh verse Pushkin retells the Koran sura “The Family of Imran”. It begins with a call to the Prophet - “Arise!”

Arise, fearful one:
In your cave
Holy lamp
It burns until the morning.
Heartfelt prayer,
Prophet, go away
Sad thoughts...

“In your cave” - this refers to the cave of Mount Hira, in which the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) prayed for a long time, in which on the night of the 27th of Ramadan in 610 the Koran was revealed.

Eighth poem Imitations of Pushkin's Koran are written in the form of a prayer based on many surahs of the Koran, which speaks of fair treatment of orphans and the poor.

Do not pour out your gifts with a calculating hand:
Complete generosity pleases heaven.

Zakat or alms is the duty of a Muslim. A person’s property is the property of Allah, from which a person is obliged to give zakat: “...If you know what is good in them; Give them something of your wealth that God has given you.”

In the last verse“Imitations of the Koran” Pushkin described his impressions of the Al-Bakarat sura (Koran, 2:261). In it, the poet uses a parable about a traveler who grumbled against God, about the mercy that was shown by the “Lord of heaven and earth” to this traveler:

He was thirsty and hungry for shade...

The past has come to life in new glory...

“Imitation of the Koran” by A.S. Pushkin, is his personal impression of reading the translation of the Koran and an attempt to use the style of the Koran in writing this work.

A.S. Pushkin. Poems "Imitations of the Koran" in full

I swear by odd and even,
I swear by the sword and the right battle,
I swear by the morning star
I swear by the evening prayer:

No, I didn't leave you.
Who's in the shade of peace?
I introduced, loving his head,
And hid it from watchful persecution?

Was it not I who gave you something to drink on the day of thirst?
Desert waters?
Was it not I who gave your tongue
Mighty power over minds?

Take courage, despise deception,
Follow the path of righteousness cheerfully,
Love the orphans and my Koran
Preach to a trembling creature.

O pure wives of the prophet,
You are different from all wives:
The shadow of vice is also terrible for you.
Under the sweet canopy of silence
Live modestly: it behooves you
The celibate virgin's veil.
Keep true hearts
For those who are legitimate and bashful,
Yes, the evil gaze of the wicked
He won't see your face!

And you, O guests of Mohammed,
Flocking to his supper,
Avoid the vanities of the world
Confuse my prophet.
The guy has pious thoughts,
He doesn't like big talkers
And immodest and empty words:
Honor the feast with his humility,
And with chaste inclination
His young slaves.

Confused, the prophet frowned,
Hearing the blind man approaching:
Run, let vice not dare
Show him bewilderment.

The list is given from the heavenly book
You, prophet, are not for the obstinate;
Calmly proclaim the Quran,
Without forcing the wicked!

Why is a person arrogant?
Because he came into the world naked,
That he breathes for a short time,
That the weak will die, just as the weak was born?

Because God will kill
And he will resurrect him - according to his will?
What from the sky protects his days
And in joys and in bitterness?

For giving him fruit,
And bread, and dates, and olives,
Blessing his works,
And the helicopter town, and the hill, and the cornfield?

But the angel will sound twice;
Heavenly thunder will strike the earth:
And brother will run from brother,
And the son will shrink away from his mother.

And everyone will flock to God,
Disfigured by fear;
And the wicked will fall,
Covered in flames and ashes.

With you from ancient times, O omnipotent one,
The mighty one thought he could compete,
Abundant with insane pride;
But you, Lord, humbled him.
You said: I give life to the world,
I punish the earth with death,
My hand is raised for everything.
I also, he said, give life,
And I also punish with death:
With you, God, I am equal.
But the boasting of vice fell silent
From the word of your wrath:
I will raise the sun from the east;
Raise him from sunset!

The earth is motionless - the sky is vaulted,
Creator, supported by you,
May they not fall on dry land and water
And they will not suppress us.

You lit the sun in the universe,
May it shine on heaven and earth,
Like flax watered with oil,
The crystal shines in the lamp.

Pray to the Creator; he is mighty:
He rules the wind; on a hot day
It sends clouds to the sky;
Gives the earth tree shade.

He is merciful: he is to Mohammed
Opened the shining Koran,
May we too flow towards the light,
And let the fog fall from your eyes.

No wonder I dreamed about you
In battle with shaved heads,
With bloody swords
In the ditches, on the tower, on the wall.

Hear the joyful cry,
O children of the fiery deserts!
Lead the young slaves into captivity,
Share the spoils of war!

You have won: glory to you,
And a laugh for the faint-hearted!
They are on a calling
We didn’t go, not believing the wondrous dreams.

Seduced by the spoils of war,
Now in my repentance
Rekut: take us with you;
But you say: we won’t take it.

Blessed are those who fell in battle:
Now they have entered Eden
And drowned in pleasure,
Not poisoned by anything.

Arise, fearful one:
In your cave
Holy lamp
It burns until the morning.
Heartfelt prayer,
Prophet, go away
Sad thoughts
Crafty dreams!
Until the morning I pray
Create humbly;
Heavenly book
Read until morning!

VIII

Trading conscience before pale poverty,
Do not pour out your gifts with a calculating hand:
Complete generosity pleases heaven.
On the day of terrible judgment, like a fat field,
O prosperous sower!
She will reward your labors a hundredfold.

But if, having regretted the labors of earthly acquisition,
Handing a meager alms to a beggar,
You squeeze your envious hand, -
Know: all your gifts are like a handful of dust,
That the heavy rain washes the stone,
They will disappear - a tribute rejected by God.

And the tired traveler grumbled at God:
He was thirsty and hungry for shade.
Wandering in the desert for three days and three nights,
And the eyes are heavy with heat and dust
With hopeless melancholy he drove around,
And suddenly he sees a treasure trove under a palm tree.

And he ran towards the desert palm tree,
And greedily refreshed with a cold stream
The tongue and the apple of the eye burned heavily,
And he lay down and fell asleep next to the faithful donkey -
And many years passed over him
By the will of the ruler of heaven and earth.

The hour of awakening has come for the traveler;
He gets up and hears an unknown voice:
“How long ago did you fall asleep deeply in the desert?”
And he answers: the sun is already high
Yesterday was shining in the morning sky;
In the morning I slept deeply until the morning.

But a voice: “O traveler, you slept longer;
Look: you lay down young, and rose up old;
The palm tree has decayed and the well is cold
Dried up and dried up in the waterless desert,
Long covered by the sands of the steppes;
And the bones of your donkey turn white.”

And the instant old man, overcome with grief,
Sobbing, his head drooped, trembling...
And then a miracle happened in the desert:
The past has come to life in new glory;
The palm tree sways again with its shady head;
Once again the well is filled with coolness and darkness.

I
I swear by odd and even,
I swear by the sword and the right battle,
I swear by the morning star
I swear by the evening prayer:

No, I didn't leave you.
Who's in the shade of peace?
I introduced, loving his head,
And hid it from watchful persecution?

Was it not I who gave you something to drink on the day of thirst?
Desert waters?
Was it not I who gave your tongue
Mighty power over minds?

Take courage, despise deception,
Follow the path of righteousness cheerfully,
Love the orphans and my Koran
Preach to a trembling creature.

II
O pure wives of the prophet,
You are different from all wives:
The shadow of vice is also terrible for you.
Under the sweet canopy of silence
Live modestly: it behooves you
The celibate virgin's veil.
Keep true hearts
For those who are legitimate and bashful,
Yes, the evil gaze of the wicked
He won't see your face!

III
Confused, the prophet frowned,
Hearing the blind man approaching:
Run, let vice not dare
Show him bewilderment.

The list is given from the heavenly book
You, prophet, are not for the obstinate;
Calmly proclaim the Quran,
Without forcing the wicked!

Why is a person arrogant?
Because he came into the world naked,
That he breathes for a short time,
That the weak will die, just as the weak was born?

Because God will kill
And he will resurrect him - according to his will?
What from the sky protects his days
And in joys and in bitterness?

For giving him fruit,
And bread, and dates, and olives,
Blessing his works,
And the helicopter town, and the hill, and the cornfield?

But the angel will sound twice;
Heavenly thunder will strike the earth:
And brother will run from brother,
And the son will shrink away from his mother.

And everyone will flock to God,
Disfigured by fear;
And the wicked will fall,
Covered in flames and ashes.

IV
With you from ancient times, O omnipotent one,
The mighty one thought he could compete,
Abundant with insane pride;
But you, Lord, humbled him.
You said: I give life to the world,
I punish the earth with death,
My hand is raised to everything.
I also, he said, give life,
And I also punish with death:
With you, God, I am equal.
But the boasting of vice fell silent
From the word of your wrath:
I will raise the sun from the east;
Raise him from sunset!

V
The earth is motionless - the sky is the vault,
Creator, supported by you,
May they not fall on dry land and water
And they will not suppress us.

You lit the sun in the universe,
May it shine on heaven and earth,
Like flax watered with oil,
The crystal shines in the lamp.

Pray to the Creator; he is mighty:
He rules the wind; on a hot day
It sends clouds to the sky;
Gives the earth tree shade.

He is merciful: he is to Mohammed
Opened the shining Koran,
May we too flow towards the light,
And let the fog fall from your eyes.

VI
No wonder I dreamed about you
In battle with shaved heads,
With bloody swords
In the ditches, on the tower, on the wall.

Hear the joyful cry,
O children of the fiery deserts!
Lead the young slaves into captivity,
Share the spoils of war!

You have won: glory to you,
And a laugh for the faint-hearted!
They are on a calling
We didn’t go, not believing the wondrous dreams.

Seduced by the spoils of war,
Now in my repentance
Rekut: take us with you;
But you say: we won’t take it.

Blessed are those who fell in battle:
Now they have entered Eden
And drowned in pleasure,
Not poisoned by anything.

VII
Arise, fearful one:
In your cave
Holy lamp
It burns until the morning.
Heartfelt prayer,
Prophet, go away
Sad thoughts
Crafty dreams!
Until the morning I pray
Create humbly;
Heavenly book
Read until morning!

VIII
Trading conscience before pale poverty,
Do not pour out your gifts with a calculating hand:
Complete generosity pleases heaven.
On the day of terrible judgment, like a fat field,
O prosperous sower!
She will reward your labors a hundredfold.

IX
And the tired traveler grumbled at God:
He was thirsty and hungry for shade.
Wandering in the desert for three days and three nights,
And the eyes are heavy with heat and dust
With hopeless melancholy he drove around,
And suddenly he sees a treasure trove under a palm tree.

Notes

Imitation of the Koran - “The wicked, writes Mohammed (the head of the Reward), think that the Koran is a collection of new lies and old fables.” The opinion of these wicked ones is, of course, fair; but despite this, many moral truths are presented in the Qur'an in a strong and poetic manner. Several free imitations are offered here. In the original, Alla speaks everywhere on his own behalf, and Mohammed is mentioned only in the second or third person.
In other places in the Koran, Allah swears by the hooves of mares, the fruits of the fig tree, the freedom of Mecca, virtue and vice, angels and man, and so on. This strange rhetoric appears every minute in the Koran.
“My prophet,” Allah adds, will not tell you this, for he is very courteous and modest; but I have no need to deal with you,” and so on. The Arab's jealousy still breathes in these commandments.
From the book Blind.
Bad physics; but what brave poetry!

Analysis of the poem “Imitations of the Koran” by Pushkin

“Imitations of the Koran” occupy a special place in Pushkin’s work. This work was written by the poet during his exile in Mikhailovsky (1824-1826) and is based on a serious study of the Muslim holy book. In the eyes of an Orthodox person, this was a rather strange activity. But Pushkin was very passionate about the poetic language and deep philosophical reflections set forth in the Koran. In the “Notes” to the work, the author himself notes that he recognizes the sacred book as “a collection of ... fables” presented in a “strong and poetic manner.” Elsewhere, Pushkin cannot resist exclaiming: “What bold poetry!” The poet dedicated “Imitations of the Koran” to P. Osipova, with whom he often visited during his rural exile.

The work consists of nine independent parts. They don't have a common plot. Each part expresses the poet’s impressions of specific surahs (chapters) of the Koran. Pushkin gave some parts an autobiographical character, sometimes using a biblical worldview.

Part I is based on Sura 93; other episodes from the life of Mohammed are also used. In it, Allah addresses the chosen prophet with encouraging and parting words before preaching Islam.

Part II is based on two passages from Sura 33. It describes the prophet's marriage to the divorced wife of his adopted son. This act caused discontent among the invited guests, in response to which Mohammed uttered another prophecy.

Part III is a free transcription of Sura 30. In it, Mohammed is inspired to calmly and with full right to spread his religion, “without forcing the wicked.” Man is proud and self-confident, but on the Day of Judgment everyone will appear before the Creator, and the “wicked” will suffer their well-deserved punishment.

Part IV is based on an excerpt from Sura 2. It describes the competition between Allah and vice, who wanted to put himself on an equal footing with the Creator, but was defeated after the divine “word of wrath.”

Part V correlates with images from several suras (21, 24, etc.). The author subjected Muslim images to literary processing and created a majestic image of the Creator, to whom the entire universe is subject.

Part VI is based on suras 60 and 61. They describe the victory and capture of the city of Mecca by Muslims. Pushkin used Mohammed's vision foreshadowing victory. The last stanza glorifies the warriors who died in the holy war.

Part VIII is based on Sura 2. In the autograph, Pushkin indicated the title - “Alms”. Moral teaching has a biblical, not a Muslim meaning.

Overall, “Imitations of the Koran” is a brilliant example of artistic treatment of the sacred text. Pushkin was not limited by religious intolerance and treated the Koran as one of the masterpieces of world literature.

Analysis of the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Imitations of the Koran"

“And the weary traveler grumbled at God...” is the ninth and final poem of the cycle “Imitations of the Koran,” written in 1825. Pushkin, relying on the Russian translation of M. Verevkin, freely rearranged fragments of suras, that is, chapters of the Koran. Genre- parable.

Pushkin’s cycle “Imitations of the Koran” represents not just separate, although interconnected, episodes from the life of the prophet, but the most important stages of human destiny in general.

The final poem of the cycle, “And the weary traveler grumbled at God...” is clearly of a parable nature, and plot its quite simple. The “tired traveler” is languishing from thirst caused by the heat of the desert and is focused on his physical suffering. He “murmurs” against God, having lost hope of salvation, and does not realize the Divine omnipresence, does not believe in the Creator’s constant care for his creation.

When the hero was about to completely lose faith in salvation, he sees a well of water and greedily quenches his thirst. After this he falls asleep for many years. Waking up, the traveler discovers that, by the will of the Almighty, he slept for many years and became an old man:

And the instant old man, overcome with grief,
Sobbing, his head drooped, trembling...

But a miracle happens: God returns youth to the hero:

And the traveler feels both strength and joy;

Resurrected youth began to play in the blood;

Holy delights filled my chest:

And with God he sets off on his journey.

In this poem, Pushkin uses the mythological plot of “death - rebirth”, due to which it has a generalizing character. The traveler is perceived as a person in general. His “death” and “resurrection” symbolize a person’s life path from error to truth, from unbelief to faith, from gloomy disappointment to optimism. Thus, the “resurrection” of the hero is interpreted, first of all, as a spiritual rebirth.

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“And the tired traveler grumbled at God. . ." represents the ninth and final
poem from the cycle “Imitations of the Koran,” written in 1825. Pushkin,
relying on the Russian translation of M. Verevkin, freely rearranged fragments of suras, then
there are chapters of the Koran. Genre - parable.

The final poem of the cycle “And the tired traveler grumbled at God. . ." is clearly parable in nature, and its plot is quite simple. "Tired Traveler"
thirsty due to the desert heat, focused on his physical
suffering. He “murmurs” against God, having lost hope of salvation, and does not realize
Divine omnipresence, does not believe in the Creator’s constant care for his
creation.

When the hero was about to completely lose faith in salvation, he sees a well of water and greedily quenches his thirst. After this he falls asleep for many years. Waking up, traveler
discovers that, by the will of the Almighty, he slept for many years and became an old man:

And the instant old man, overcome with grief,
Sobbing, his head drooped, trembling. .

But a miracle happens: God returns youth to the hero:
And the traveler feels both strength and joy;
Resurrected youth began to play in the blood;
Holy delights filled my chest:
And with God he sets off on his journey.

In this poem, Pushkin uses the mythological plot of “death -
revival”, due to which it has a generalizing character. The traveler is perceived
as a person in general. His “death” and “resurrection” symbolize the path of life
a person from error to truth, from unbelief to faith, from gloomy disappointment
to optimism. Thus, the “resurrection” of the hero is interpreted, first of all, as
spiritual rebirth.

But a voice: “O traveler, you slept longer;
Look: you lay down young and rose up old,
The palm tree has decayed and the well is cold
Dried up and dried up in the waterless desert,
Long covered by the sands of the steppes;
And the bones of your donkey turn white.”

And the old bones of the donkey stand up,
And they clothed themselves with their bodies, and made a roar;
And the traveler feels both strength and joy;
Resurrected youth began to play in the blood;
Holy delights filled my chest:
And with God he sets off on his journey. And the weary traveler a god grumbled:
He languished thirsty and hungry shadows.
In the desert, wandering for three days and three nights,
And the heat and dust tyagchimye eyes
With a hopeless longing, he drove around
And the pit under the palm suddenly he sees.

And palm desert race he stared,
And eagerly cold jet refreshed
Burning hard tongue and the apple,
And as he lay, and he had fallen asleep near the faithful donkey -
Many years have elapsed over it
By the will of the lord of the heavens and the earth.

Now is awakening to the traveler an hour;
He gets up and hears the voice of the unknown:
"How long have you slept in the desert deep?"
And he says, so the sun is high
On the morning sky shone yesterday;
In the morning, I slept deeply until the morning.

But the voice, "O traveler, you sleep longer;
Look: you went to young and old man rose,
Already palm decayed, and the bottomless cold
Dried up and died by in a waterless desert,
It has long been covered with the sand of the steps;
And whiten the bones of your ass. "

And grief enveloped in an instant the old man,
Sobbing, shaking head hung...
And then a miracle in the desert is done:
The past in a new glory brightened;
Again zybletsya palm shaded chapter;
Once again, the pit is filled with cool and mist.

And the ass crumbling bones stand,
And they dressed the body, and the roar of the issue;
And the traveler feels both strength, and joy;
The blood began to play Mladost resurrected;
Saints delight filled the bosom:
And with God dale he embarks on a journey.

Analysis of the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Imitations of the Koran". “Imitations of the Koran”, analysis of the cycle of poems by Pushkin

A.S. Pushkin. Poems "Imitations of the Koran" in full

Notes

Analysis of the poem “Imitations of the Koran” by Pushkin

Analysis of the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Imitations of the Koran"