Unconjunct sentences are those complex sentences in which the parts are connected only by intonation. The main feature of such complex structures is the absence of unions. Instead, punctuation marks are used in the BSP.

general characteristics

Between sentences in the BSP, semantic relationships are established that are similar to the relationships in allied sentences: compound and complex.

For example:

• The night was falling, the forest was moving closer to the fire. IN sentences reveal semantic relations in the listing of simultaneously occurring events.
• One fine day, the pickets, losing their legs from running, bring the news: the fortress is surrendering. In this sentence, semantic relations are similar to those in explanatory ones.
• He told the truth - they didn’t believe him. The sentence combines temporary, concessive and adversative relations.

Depending on how the parts relate to each other in meaning, there are BSPs with different ones. The examples given above serve as proof of this. Depending on this, non-union complex sentences are divided into three groups.

BSP with comma and semicolon

There are several punctuation features associated with non-union sentences. In particular, there are two rules governing the use of commas and semicolons in a sentence.

Should I choose a comma or semicolon?

If the rule is well understood and mastered, then you can easily cope with the following exercises:

1.Explain the use of semicolons:

1) The sun rises, vigorous and radiant from the cold; the window is gilded with reflection.

2) All morning, the colors sparkled, clean and bright; For half a day frosty chrysanthemums glittered silver on the window.

2. What punctuation marks are missing in the BSP in brackets?

Happy irrevocable time - childhood! How can you not love the memories of her? They are so refreshing and uplifting to my soul.

You run to your heart’s content (...) you sit at the table on your chair (...) it’s already late (...) a cup of milk has long been drunk (...) sleep clouds your eyes (...) but you don’t move from your place (...) you still sit and listen. Mom is talking to someone (...) her voice is so sweet (...) so welcoming. The sound of my mother’s voice says so much to my heart, resonates so much in my soul!

With hazy eyes I look intently into her sweet face (...) suddenly she becomes all small - her face becomes no bigger than a button (...) but I still see it just as clearly. I love seeing her so tiny. I squint my eyes even more (...) she is now no more than those boys (...) that are in the pupils (...) when you look closely into the eyes (...) but then I moved - and the miracle disappeared (...) I narrow my eyes again (... ) I try in every possible way to renew the vision (...) but in vain.

BSP with dash

Punctuation marks in the BSP directly depend on the semantic relationships of its parts. To place a dash in non-union sentences, one of the conditions given in the table must be present.

Dash or no dash?

1. What punctuation marks are used in the BSP given below?

1) The teacher ordered a diary (...) I didn’t have a diary.

2) It’s terribly stuffy (...) there will be a thunderstorm by night.

3) She sat down in the wagon near the hussar (...) the driver whistled (...) the horses rushed off.

4) There was a shout (...) he started running.

5) You will chase after the big (...) you will lose the little.

2. The text contains BSP with different punctuation marks. With which?

A song was heard (...) the voices immediately fell silent (...) the urgings died down (...) and the entire convoy moved on in silence (...) only the clatter of wheels and the slurping of dirt under the horses' hooves could be heard at those moments (...) when the words of the sad song sounded.

3. Which sentence contains a dash?

1) The sun has already set, but it is still light in the forest (...) the air is so clean and transparent (...) the birds are chirping and whistling (...) the young grass shines like emerald.

2) My soul is cheerful and festive (...) it’s spring outside (...) and the air is so clean and transparent (...) the birds are chirping wildly and joyfully (...) young grass is sprouting.

BSP with colon

Intonation plays a huge role in determining the connection between parts in the BSP. If at the end of the first part it is necessary to raise the tone of voice, then it is probably necessary to add a colon. So it turns out that punctuation marks in BSP depend on intonation. But semantic relationships are also of utmost importance. Let's consider the conditions for placing a colon.

To colon or not to colon?

In this case, there are also rules.

1. Which ones are missing in the sentence?

Somehow it happened (...) that Vera left ahead of schedule (...) but now this did not frighten Sergei at all (...) he knew (...) that his father and everyone else would return in the evening.

2. Place punctuation marks in the BSP. Example sentences are given below.

1) The picture changed (...) already on the white tablecloth of the fields, black spots and stripes of thawed earth could be seen here and there.

2) I really liked listening to the girl (...) she described to me about a world unknown to me.

3) A little more (...) her eyes will come to life, a smile will bloom on her face.

4) I looked out the window (...) the stars were shining brightly in the cleared sky.

5) How many years have I been serving (...) this has never happened to me before.

Let's summarize what we've learned

BSPs are a complex system that includes four types of sentences, depending on the punctuation marks between the parts of a complex sentence - comma, semicolon, colon, dash.

What is the difference between punctuation marks in SSP, SPP, BSP

Between the parts of the BSP, relationships are established that are similar to the relationships found in conjunctive sentences: compound and complex.

As can be seen from the table, the placement of punctuation marks in the BSP is much richer than in conjunction sentences, which only use commas. But in allied constructions, the semantic relationships of the parts are clear and understandable, thanks to the unions:

• simultaneity, sequence - conjunction I;
• reason - conjunction BECAUSE;
• consequence - union THEREFORE;
• comparison - conjunction HOW;
• time - union WHEN;
• conditions - union IF;
• addition - conjunction THAT;
• explanation - conjunction THAT IS;
• opposition - conjunction A.

Punctuation marks in BSP are needed to express semantic relationships between sentences; they serve as conjunctions.

BSP examples

Examples illustrate BSP options:

• with conditional relationships: If you stay here for a day, then you’ll find out.
• with temporary relationships: If you can handle it, we’ll transfer you to management.
• with the meaning of the consequence: The rain has stopped - you can move on.
• with conditional relationships: The sun is shining - we are working, it is raining - we are resting.
• with concessionary relationships: I would like a dog like this - I don’t need a cow.
• with adversarial relationships: The city ones are beautiful - the countryside is dearer to me.

• with connecting relationships: A man, sitting at a table, spoke on the phone; the child was still sleeping on the sofa.
• with explanatory relationships: I advise you: do not pick up other people’s wallets.
• with relations of consequences: The land was needed for crops: the gardens had to be plowed.
• with explanatory relationships: Occasionally voices were heard: late pedestrians were returning home.
• with relationships reasons: We must give him credit - he was very ardent, brave and persistent.
• with comparison relations: It is not the wind that rustles in the open space, it is not the sea that rages in a storm - my heart yearns for the Motherland, there is no peace and happiness in it.

Example of an OGE task

Among the sentences you need to find complex ones with a non-union connection between parts:

1) The Holy Sea - this is what Baikal has been called for a long time. 2) We will not assure you that there is nothing better than Baikal in the world: everyone is free to love something of their own, and for an Eskimo his tundra is the crown of creation. 3) From a young age, we love pictures of our native land, they define our very essence. 4) And it is not enough to consider that they are dear to us, they are part of us. 5) You cannot compare icy Greenland with the hot sands of the Sahara, the taiga of Siberia with the steppes of Central Russia, the Caspian Sea with Baikal, but you can convey your impressions of them.

6) But Nature still has her favorites, which she creates with special care and endows with special attractiveness. 7) Such a creature is undoubtedly Baikal.

8) Even if we don’t talk about its wealth, Baikal is famous for other things - for its wonderful strength, its timeless and reserved power.

9) I remember how my friend and I went far along the shore of our sea. 10) It was the beginning of August, a most fertile time, When the water has warmed up, the hills are raging with colors, when the sun makes the fallen snow on the distant Sayan Mountains shine, when Baikal, stocked with water from melted glaciers, lies well-fed and calm, gaining strength for the autumn storms, when the fish splash merrily to the cries of the seagulls.

The following punctuation marks are used in a non-union complex sentence: comma, semicolon, colon, dash.

Comma placed between parts of the BSP, which are small in volume and closely related to each other in meaning. The components of such a non-union complex sentence indicate the simultaneity or sequence of actions and phenomena: Ahead, a huge purple cloud slowly rose from behind the forest, long clouds rushed above me and towards me. the willows moved and babbled anxiously.

Semicolon is put when the parts of the BSP are not so closely related in meaning, are significant in volume, widespread, and inside at least one of the parts there are other punctuation marks: Round, low hills. plowed and sown to the top, scatter in wide waves; ravines overgrown with bushes meander between them; small groves are scattered on oblong islands; Narrow paths run from village to village; churches turn white; A river sparkles between the willow trees, intercepted by dams in four places...

Colon is placed between the parts of the BSP if the second part complements the first, explains it or reveals the reason for what is said in the first part. Usually after the first part of such a sentence you can insert conjunctions since, because, that and etc.

Dash It is placed between parts of a non-conjunctive complex sentence if:

• a) they convey a rapid change of events and phenomena;
• b) in the second part a contrast is given;
• c) when the first part indicates the time or condition of the action referred to in the second part;
• d) when the second part contains the result, the consequence of what is said in the first part;
• e) when the second part contains a comparison.

After the first part of such a sentence, you can usually insert conjunctions but, if, when, therefore, how.

Table “Punctuation Marks”

Scheme "Punctuation
in a non-union complex sentence"

Unconjunct sentences are those complex sentences in which the parts are connected only by intonation. The main feature of such complex structures is the absence of unions. Instead, punctuation marks are used in the BSP.

general characteristics

Between sentences in the BSP, semantic relationships are established that are similar to the relationships in allied sentences: compound and complex.

For example:

• The night was falling, the forest was moving closer to the fire. IN sentences reveal semantic relations in the listing of simultaneously occurring events.
• One fine day, the pickets, losing their legs from running, bring the news: the fortress is surrendering. In this sentence, the semantic relations are similar to the relations in a complex sentence with an explanatory clause.
• He told the truth - they didn’t believe him. The sentence combines temporary, concessive and adversative relations.

Depending on how the parts relate to each other in meaning, there are BSPs with different punctuation marks. The examples given above serve as proof of this. Depending on this, non-union complex sentences are divided into three groups.

BSP with comma and semicolon

There are several punctuation features associated with non-union sentences. In particular, there are two rules governing the use of commas and semicolons in a sentence.

Should I choose a comma or semicolon?

If the rule is well understood and mastered, then you can easily cope with the following exercises:

1.Explain the use of semicolons:

1) The sun rises, vigorous and radiant from the cold; the window is gilded with reflection.

2) All morning, the colors sparkled, clean and bright; For half a day frosty chrysanthemums glittered silver on the window.

2. What punctuation marks are missing in the BSP in brackets?

Happy irrevocable time - childhood! How can you not love the memories of her? They are so refreshing and uplifting to my soul.

You run to your heart’s content (...) you sit at the table on your chair (...) it’s already late (...) a cup of milk has long been drunk (...) sleep clouds your eyes (...) but you don’t move from your place (...) you still sit and listen. Mom is talking to someone (...) her voice is so sweet (...) so welcoming. The sound of my mother’s voice says so much to my heart, resonates so much in my soul!

With hazy eyes I look intently into her sweet face (...) suddenly she becomes all small - her face becomes no bigger than a button (...) but I still see it just as clearly. I love seeing her so tiny. I squint my eyes even harder (...) she is now no more than those boys (...) that are in the pupils (...) when you look closely into the eyes (...) but then I moved - and the miracle disappeared (...) I narrow my eyes again (... ) I try in every possible way to renew the vision (...) but in vain.

BSP with dash

Punctuation marks in the BSP directly depend on the semantic relationships of its parts. To place a dash in non-union sentences, one of the conditions given in the table must be present.

Dash or no dash?

1. What punctuation marks are used in the BSP given below?

1) The teacher ordered a diary (...) I didn’t have a diary.

2) It’s terribly stuffy (...) there will be a thunderstorm by night.

3) She sat down in the wagon near the hussar (...) the driver whistled (...) the horses rushed off.

4) There was a shout (...) he started running.

5) You will chase after the big (...) you will lose the little.

2. The text contains BSP with different punctuation marks. With which?

A song was heard (...) the voices immediately fell silent (...) the urgings died down (...) and the entire convoy moved on in silence (...) only the clatter of wheels and the slurping of dirt under the horses' hooves could be heard at those moments (...) when the words of the sad song sounded.

3. Which sentence contains a dash?

1) The sun has already set, but it is still light in the forest (...) the air is so clean and transparent (...) the birds are chirping and whistling (...) the young grass shines like emerald.

2) My soul is cheerful and festive (...) it’s spring outside (...) and the air is so clean and transparent (...) the birds are chirping wildly and joyfully (...) young grass is sprouting.

BSP with colon

Intonation plays a huge role in determining the connection between parts in the BSP. If at the end of the first part it is necessary to raise the tone of voice, then it is probably necessary to add a colon. So it turns out that punctuation marks in BSP depend on intonation. But semantic relationships are also of utmost importance. Let's consider the conditions for placing a colon.

To colon or not to colon?

In this case, there are also rules.

1. What punctuation marks are missing in the sentence?

Somehow it happened (...) that Vera left ahead of schedule (...) but now this did not frighten Sergei at all (...) he knew (...) that his father and everyone else would return in the evening.

2. Place punctuation marks in the BSP. Example sentences are given below.

1) The picture changed (...) already on the white tablecloth of the fields, black spots and stripes of thawed earth could be seen here and there.

2) I really liked listening to the girl (...) she described to me about a world unknown to me.

3) A little more (...) her eyes will come to life, a smile will bloom on her face.

4) I looked out the window (...) the stars were shining brightly in the cleared sky.

5) How many years have I been serving (...) this has never happened to me before.

Let's summarize what we've learned

BSPs are a complex system that includes four types of sentences, depending on the punctuation marks between the parts of a complex sentence - comma, semicolon, colon, dash.

What is the difference between punctuation marks in SSP, SPP, BSP

Between the parts of the BSP, relationships are established that are similar to the relationships found in conjunctive sentences: compound and complex.

As can be seen from the table, the placement of punctuation marks in the BSP is much richer than in conjunction sentences, which only use commas. But in allied constructions, the semantic relationships of the parts are clear and understandable, thanks to the unions:

• simultaneity, sequence – conjunction I;
• reason – conjunction BECAUSE;
• consequence – union THEREFORE;
• comparison - conjunction HOW;
• time – union WHEN;
• conditions – union IF;
• addition – conjunction WHAT;
• explanation – conjunction THAT IS;
• opposition - conjunction A.

Punctuation marks in BSP are needed to express semantic relationships between sentences; they serve as conjunctions.

BSP examples

Examples illustrate BSP options:

• with conditional relationships: If you stay here for a day, then you’ll find out.
• with temporary relationships: If you can handle it, we’ll transfer you to management.
• with the meaning of the consequence: The rain has stopped - you can move on.
• with conditional relationships: The sun is shining - we are working, it is raining - we are resting.
• with concessionary relationships: I would like a dog like this - I don’t need a cow.
• with adversarial relationships: The city ones are beautiful - the countryside is dearer to me.

• with connecting relationships: A man, sitting at a table, spoke on the phone; the child was still sleeping on the sofa.
• with explanatory relationships: I advise you: do not pick up other people’s wallets.
• with relations of consequences: The land was needed for crops: the gardens had to be plowed.
• with explanatory relationships: Occasionally voices were heard: late pedestrians were returning home.
• with relationships reasons: We must give him credit - he was very ardent, brave and persistent.
• with comparison relations: It is not the wind that rustles in the open space, it is not the sea that rages in a storm - my heart yearns for the Motherland, there is no peace and happiness in it.

Example of an OGE task

Among the sentences you need to find complex ones with a non-union connection between parts:

1) The Holy Sea - this is what Baikal has been called for a long time. 2) We will not assure you that there is nothing better than Baikal in the world: everyone is free to love something of their own, and for an Eskimo his tundra is the crown of creation. 3) From a young age, we love pictures of our native land, they define our very essence. 4) And it is not enough to consider that they are dear to us, they are part of us. 5) You cannot compare icy Greenland with the hot sands of the Sahara, the taiga of Siberia with the steppes of Central Russia, the Caspian Sea with Baikal, but you can convey your impressions of them.

6) But Nature still has her favorites, which she creates with special care and endows with special attractiveness. 7) Such a creature is undoubtedly Baikal.

8) Even if we don’t talk about its wealth, Baikal is famous for other things - for its wonderful strength, its timeless and reserved power.

9) I remember how my friend and I went far along the shore of our sea. 10) It was the beginning of August, a most fertile time, When the water has warmed up, the hills are raging with colors, when the sun makes the fallen snow on the distant Sayan Mountains shine, when Baikal, stocked with water from melted glaciers, lies well-fed and calm, gaining strength for the autumn storms, when the fish splash merrily to the cries of the seagulls.

L.A. AKSENOVA,
Lipetsk region

Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence

Didactic material

I. Placement of commas and semicolons

Comma is placed in a non-union complex sentence to separate parts that are closely related to each other (a conjunction can be placed between them And ) and denoting simultaneously or sequentially occurring events.

Cannonballs are rolling, bullets are whistling, cold bayonets are hanging. (A. Pushkin)

Semicolon is placed in the case when the parts of a non-conjunct complex sentence are less connected with each other (in meaning and intonation they are close to independent sentences), as well as when the parts are already common (have commas) or are grouped according to meaning (in this case, the use of a comma between the parts of a non-conjunctive complex sentences is an insufficient sign).

The morning is magnificent; the air is cool; the sun is low.(I. Goncharov) The pale gray sky became lighter, colder, and bluer; the stars blinked with faint light and then disappeared; the ground became damp, the leaves began to fog up, in some places living sounds and voices began to be heard. (I. Turgenev)

Exercise 1. Read the text. Observe the intonation, stylistic features of non-union complex sentences, justify the use of commas and semicolons.

It's fun 2 to make your way 6 along the narrow 6 path 6 between two walls of high 3 rye. Ears of corn quietly hit 1 you in the face, cornflowers cling 6, 2 to your legs, quails scream all around, the horse runs at a lazy 2 trot. Here is the forest. Shadow and silence. Stately 5 aspens babble high 6 above you 3; the long hanging branches of the birches barely move 6; a mighty oak tree stands like a fighter next to a beautiful linden tree 4, 7.

(I. Turgenev)

Attention! Parts of a non-conjunct complex sentence separated by a semicolon are pronounced with a lower voice towards the end of the part (almost like a full stop) and significant pauses between parts. The rate of speech in such sentences is usually slow.

Taking this information into account, prepare an expressive reading of I. Turgenev’s text. Try to feel the mood that the author conveys.

Determine what linguistic means of expression are used in the last sentence.

Choose a synonym for the word stately.

Indicate the types of one-part sentences. What is their role in the text?

Task 2. Read the complex sentences without conjunctions and find the grammatical basics in them. Decide in which non-union complex sentences you need to put a comma between parts, and in which you need a semicolon. Justify your choice.

Write the sentences using punctuation marks. Fill in the missing letters and open the brackets.

1) Meanwhile, the night was falling and growing like a thundercloud, it seemed, along with the evening vapors, to rise from everywhere and even (from) the darkness to rise. 2) Everything around quickly turned black and faded away; only the birds screamed occasionally. 3) Already I (with) difficulty distinguished separate objects; the field shone indistinctly around (behind) it (with) every moment the gloomy darkness rose up in huge clouds. 4) One gentle hill gave way to another and endless bushes seemed to rise up from the ground right in front of my nose. 5) Everywhere, large drops of river sparkled like radiant diamonds, clean and clear, as if they had also been washed in the cold morning (n, nn), the sounds of a bell came to me. 6) The wind fell as if its wings folded and froze with a soulful warmth wafting from the earth. 7) The night's heavy and damp breath puffed into my hot (n, nn) ​​face, it seemed that a storm was getting ready, black clouds were growing and crawling across the sky, visible to my eyes, smoky faces.

(I. Turgenev)

1) Meanwhile, the night was approaching and growing like a thundercloud; It seemed as if, along with the evening vapors, darkness was rising from everywhere and even pouring from above. 2) Everything around quickly turned black and died down, only the quails screamed occasionally. 3) I already had difficulty distinguishing distant objects; the field was vaguely white around; behind it, looming in huge clouds every moment, rose the gloomy darkness. 4) One gentle hill gave way to another, fields stretched endlessly after fields, bushes seemed to suddenly rise from the ground right in front of my nose. 5) Everywhere large drops of dew began to glow like radiant diamonds; The sounds of a bell came towards me, clean and clear, as if also washed by the morning cool. 6) The wind fell, as if folded its wings, and froze; the fragrant warmth of the night wafted from the earth. 7) The night smelled heavy and damp on my heated face; it seemed that a thunderstorm was brewing; black clouds grew and crawled across the sky, apparently changing their smoky outlines.

(I. Turgenev)

Task 3. (Formation of speech and punctuation skills.) Continue the sentences so that you get unionless complex ones: a) with a comma; b) with a semicolon.

1) The sky in the east began to darken...
2) The lights came on in the evening streets...
3) Lightning flashed almost continuously...
4) The river overflowed greatly during the flood...
5) There was thunder behind the village...
6) All nature breathes freshness...
7) The air is clean and transparent...

Task 4. Prepare to read the text expressively, paying attention to intonation and choice of punctuation marks in sentences.

Do you know what pleasure leave in the spring before dawn? You go out onto the porch... On dark gray sky here and there stars blink; damp breeze occasionally comes in a light wave; a restrained, unclear whisper is heard nights; the trees make a faint noise, bathed in shadow... Behind the fence, in the garden, he snores peacefully watchman; every sound seems to stand in frozen air, stands and doesn't work. So you sat down; the horses started moving at once, the cart rattled loudly... You are a little cold, you cover your face overcoat collar; to you dozing... But now you’ve gone about four miles... The edge of the sky turns red; jackdaws wake up in the birch trees, awkwardly fly; sparrows chirp near the dark stacks. It's getting brighter air, the road is clearer, becomes clearer the sky, the clouds are white, the fields are green. In the huts with red fire are burning splinters can be heard outside the gates sleepy vote. Meanwhile the dawn flares up; here are the golden stripes stretched out steam swirls across the sky, in the ravines; larks they sing loudly, predawn the wind blew and quietly floats up crimson Sun. The light will just flow in like a torrent; the heart is in you perks up, like a bird. Fresh, fun, love!.. The sun is fast rises; the sky is clear... You climbed the mountain... What a view! River curls about ten versts, dimly blue through the fog; for her watery green meadows; beyond the meadows gentle hills; peewits screaming in the distance curl above swamp; through the damp shine spilled in the air, the distance clearly appears... How freely the chest breathes, how cheerfully moving members like getting stronger the whole person covered fresh breath of spring!..

(I. Turgenev)

Title the text and determine its main idea.

How many paragraphs can be identified in this text?

What is the role of non-union complex sentences in the text?

What explains the differences in the placement of punctuation marks (commas and semicolons) between parts of non-conjunct complex sentences?

What means of expression did the author use?

Explain the spellings in the highlighted words.

Compose a short text using non-conjunct compound sentences with semicolons and semicolons on one of the following topics:

1. Before a thunderstorm.
2. Early in the morning.
3. Summer evening.
4. Blizzard.
5. Leaf fall.

II. Colon placement

Colon between parts of a non-union complex sentence is placed in the following cases:

1. If there is a causal relationship between the parts (the second sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first sentence), in this case conjunctions can be placed before the second part because, since .

One should never boast about ignorance: ignorance is powerlessness.(N. Chernyshevsky)

2. If there are explanatory relations between the parts (the second part explains, concretizes the expressed thought of the first part), in this case explanatory conjunctions can be placed before the second part namely, that is .

The weather was terrible: the stormy wind had been roaring since the night, the rain was pouring down like buckets.. (I. Goncharov)

3. If the second part complements the content of the first part, extending one of its members (usually a predicate). In the first part, in this case, you can insert verbs of speech, thought, feeling, perception ( hear, see, feel and similar). Test conjunctions: what how .

He raised his head: the Golden Dipper shone through the thin steam.

Exercise 1. Read the sentences. Indicate non-union complex sentences in which the second part
a) indicates the reason for what is said in the first part;
b) reveals and explains the content of the first;
c) complements the meaning of the first part.

1) I entered the hut: two benches and a table and a huge chest near the stove made up all its furniture. 2) I could not sleep: a boy with white eyes kept spinning in front of me in the darkness. 3) I stood up and looked out the window: someone ran past him a second time and disappeared God knows where. 4) We looked at each other: we were struck by the same suspicion. 5) I looked up: on the roof of my hut stood a girl in a striped dress, with loose braids, a real mermaid. 6) She was beautiful: tall, thin, black eyes, like those of a mountain chamois, and looked into your soul. 7) I was created stupidly: I don’t forget anything. 8) Grushnitsky took on a mysterious look: he walks with his hands behind his back and doesn’t recognize anyone. 9) A long-forgotten thrill ran through my veins at the sound of this sweet voice; she looked into my eyes with her deep and calm eyes: they expressed distrust and something similar to reproach. 10) One thing has always been strange to me: I have never become a slave to the woman I love; on the contrary, I always acquired invincible power over their will and heart, without even trying to do so. 11) One should never reject a repentant criminal: out of despair he can become twice as criminal. 12) Oh, I ask you: do not torment me as before with empty doubts and feigned coldness. 13) I laugh at everything in the world, especially at feelings: this begins to scare her. 14) I looked at her and was frightened: her face expressed deep despair, tears sparkled in her eyes. 15) Our conversation began with slander: I began to sort through our acquaintances who were present and absent, first showing their funny and then their bad sides. 16) These patients are such a people: they know everything. 17) I got down and crept up to the window: the loosely closed shutter allowed me to see the feasting people and hear their words. 18) Here are my conditions: you will now publicly renounce your slander and ask me for an apology. 19) I ask you one thing: shoot quickly. 20) Everything is arranged as best as possible: the body is brought... the bullet is taken out of the chest. 21) A lot of time has passed since then: I penetrated into all the secrets of your soul. 22) I will never love another: my soul has exhausted all its treasures, its tears and hopes on you. 23) I took the ace of hearts from the table and threw it up: everyone’s breathing stopped. 24) I walked around the hut and approached the fatal window: my heart was beating strongly. 25) I like to doubt everything: this disposition of mind does not interfere with the decisiveness of character. 26) There are two people in me: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges it.

What work are these lines taken from? Name the author.

How to explain the frequent use of a personal pronoun I in these sentences?

Give a complete punctuation description of sentence 10.

Draw a diagram of sentence 9.

Task 2. Read it. Determine the semantic relationships between parts of non-conjunctive complex sentences. Write down the sentences, using punctuation marks and emphasizing grammatical basics, in the following sequence:

1) the second sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first sentence;
2) the second sentence reveals and explains the content of the first;
3) the second sentence complements the meaning of the first sentence.

1) There are such happy faces in the world that everyone loves to look at, as if they are warming you or petting you. 2) It wasn’t just the semi-wild charm spread throughout her subtle body that attracted me to her; I liked her soul. 3) It wasn’t my feet that carried me, it wasn’t the boat that carried me, I was lifted up by some wide, strong wings. 4) Suddenly I hear someone calling me. 5) My head was spinning, too many impressions flooded into it at once. 6) He loved her passionately and never forbade her anything; in his soul he considered himself guilty before her.

(I. Turgenev)

Task 3. Continue the sentences so that you get unionless complex sentences with a colon. Determine the semantic relationships between the parts.

1. Plants freshen the air: ...
2. Forest affects air temperature: ...
3. Love nature: ...
4. Read V. Kaverin’s book “Two Captains”: ...
5. I looked at the sky: ...
6. I'm happy: ...
7. I ask you one thing: ...

III. Setting a dash

Dash is placed between parts of a non-conjunctive complex sentence in the following cases:

Feet carry - hands feed. (Proverb)

2. If the first part indicates the time or condition of what is said in the second part. Test conjunctions: time – When , conditions - If .

1) Evening will come - the stars will light up in the sky. 2) If you like to ride, you also like to carry sleds.(Proverb)

3. If the second part contains a conclusion or consequence from what is said in the first part. These relationships can be verified by unions so, therefore .

The layer of clouds was very thin - the sun shone through it.(K. Paustovsky)

4. If parts of a non-union complex sentence have the meaning of comparison. Test conjunctions: as if, as if, as.

If he looks, he’ll give you a ruble. (Proverb)

5. If parts of a non-union complex sentence depict a rapid change of events.

The cheese fell out - there was a trick with it. (I. Krylov)

6. If the parts of a non-union complex sentence are connected by concessional relations. Test conjunctions: although, despite the fact that .

I told the truth - they didn’t believe me. (M. Lermontov)

Exercise 1. Read the sentences. What semantic relationships are expressed by the dash sign in these non-union complex sentences? What alliances can be used to test these relationships? Draw the intonation patterns of the 1st, 2nd, 8th sentences. Write down the words with highlighted letters and explain their spelling.

1) I was g O tov love the whole world - m e nya n And who (didn’t) understand. 2) He (not) r A waved his hands - a sure sign of some secrecy of character. 3) I repeat O ril pr And announcement - he n And what (not) answered. 4) Vd A whether in And there was dust - Azamat sk A cal per liter And Home Karagöse. 5) Try it O shaft go n e shock - my legs od To O were trying. 6) Shot p A gave up - smoke filled the room A that. 7) Gornoe oz e ro st e flashes in the sun - shimmers with all colors e Tami in O Amazing Krista ll. 8) Fog of Ra ss e I was in e rshiny again A St. e roared in the sun. 9) I was modest – m e Nya obv And taken to the bow V quality

(M. Lermontov)

Task 2. Write them down by grouping the proverbs according to the semantic relationships of their parts. Insert the missing letters, highlight and mark the spellings in these words.

1) Summer comes, winter comes. 2) Darkness does not like light - evil does not tolerate good. 3) They go ahead - they don’t regret it. 4) The source quenches thirst - a kind word revives the heart. 5) By eye it turned_sh_ - it measured_sh_ crookedly. 6) The brave conquer, the cowardly perish. 7) Don’t shout about yourself - let others quietly talk about you. 8) Science doesn’t come for nothing – science comes with hard work. 9) They teach the alphabet - the whole hut is covered. 10) Finished the job - go for a walk safely. 11) If there is patience, there will be skill. 12) Time for business - time for fun. 13) Human labor feeds - laziness ports. 14) If you plow better, you will get more bread. 15) The red sun has risen - goodbye, the month is bright. 16) A person without a homeland is a nightingale without a garden. 17) A thread from the world - a naked shirt. 18) The eyes are afraid - the hands are doing. 19) If you believe in altyn, they don’t believe in rubles. 20) It fell from the cart - you won’t find it_. 21) A white hand is a black soul. 22) When you hang around with stupid people, you become stupid yourself. 23) Talk to a smart person and drink some water. 24) When a friend scolds a friend, the enemy fights. 25) If you swing a stick without knowing how to do it, your neck will suffer. 26) The root of teaching is bitter, but its fruit is sweet. 27) A scientist without practice is a bee without honey. 28) I read a bad book and met with a friend. 29) Together we get down to business - the desert begins to bloom. 30) One tongue, two ears – say once, listen twice. 31) Don’t look for an impeccable friend - you’ll be left alone. 32) Illnesses and diseases pass - habits remain forever. 33) A happy person talks about good luck; an unhappy person cries loudly about his misfortune. 34) I gave the sick man a loving shove and gave him half his health back. 35) The rich man couldn’t find a heifer in his herd; he took the last heifer from the poor man. 36) Don’t waste your labors, don’t get too full—the key will eventually return to the flower. 37) The first stone sank crookedly into the ground - the whole wall went awry. 38) If a friend offends you, your word will be crushed like a stone. 39) A smart head feeds a hundred heads - it’s thin and can’t feed one. 40) From day to evening there is nothing to listen to. 41) If you read books, you will know everything. 42) An enemy agrees - a friend argues. 43) I didn’t get up in the morning - the day was gone. 44) Hv_stun will tell the truth - no one will believe him.

Indicate sentences whose content is based on the use of antonyms.

Name proverbs that are synonymous in meaning.

IV. Training exercises

Exercise 1. Read the sentences. Convert complex and complex sentences into complex non-conjunctive ones. Write it down using the correct punctuation marks..

1) Proverbs and sayings are always short, but whole books’ worth of thought and feeling are put into them. (M. Gorky) 2) A person must grow with his feet into the soil of his homeland, but let his eyes survey the whole world. (J. Santayana) 3) There is a popular belief that lightning “lightens the bread,” that is, illuminates it at night. This makes the bread pour faster. (According to K. Paustovsky) 4) Small rooms or dwellings collect the mind, and large ones disperse it. (Leonardo da Vinci) 5) If you are going to love someone, learn to forgive first. (A. Vampilov) 6) Not only did you collect books, but books also collected you. (V. Shklovsky) 7) If you want to be rich, do not think about increasing your property, but only reduce your greed. (C. Helvetius)

Determine the main idea of ​​the proverbs (sentences 8, 9, 10). What advice is contained in the proverb Read without thinking - what to eat without chewing?

Task 2. Write down the sentences, place punctuation marks, justify your choice. Emphasize the grammatical basics of the sentences.

1) He who goes on the road and is bored alone, let him take a book as a companion; there is no companion better than her; let him who is sick and suffering take a book to help him; in the world there is no medicine stronger than her. (Ancient Eastern wisdom) 2) Love the book, it will help you understand the motley confusion of thoughts, it will teach you to respect a person. (M. Gorky) 3) It [the book] introduces people to the lives and struggles of other people, makes it possible to understand their experiences, their thoughts, their aspirations, it gives the opportunity to compare, understand their surroundings and transform it. (N. Krupskaya) 4) You need to treat the word honestly; it is the highest gift to a person. (M. Gorky) 5) Science must be loved; people have no more powerful and victorious force than science. (M. Gorky) 6) My request is the following: take care of our language. (I. Turgenev) 7) I looked around, my heart ached sadly to enter a peasant’s hut at night. (I. Turgenev) 8) A narrow path led between the bushes to a steep slope; fragments of rocks made up the shaky steps of this natural staircase; clinging to the bushes, we began to climb. (M. Lermontov) 9) It was getting hot; white shaggy clouds were quickly running from the snowy mountains, promising a thunderstorm; Mashuk’s head was smoking like an extinguished torch; All around him, gray wisps of clouds curled and crawled like snakes, arrested in their quest and as if caught in the thorny bushes. (M. Lermontov) 10) So people from the fortress gathered around him, he [Kazbich] didn’t notice anyone, stood around, talked and went back, I ordered the money for the sheep to be placed near him, he didn’t touch them. (M. Lermontov) 11) Pechorin is not indifferent apathetically he bears his suffering, he madly chases after life, looking for it everywhere, he bitterly blames himself for his delusions. (V. Belinsky) 12) Water is the master of everything and fears fire. (Proverb) 13) Don’t dig a hole for someone else, you’ll fall yourself . (Proverb) 14) Don’t swear; your mouth won’t be clean. (Proverb) 15) The mare competed with the wolf with only one tail, but the mane remained. (Proverb) 16) In the midst of a noisy, unknown crowd, those sounds were twice as clear to me, with a miraculous power they reminded me of everything dear to my heart. (A. Fet) 17) A colored ball is jumping in the yard in front of me, this ball is very cute, it hasn’t hit glass yet. (G. Vieru) 18) Every business has a special smell; the bakery smells like dough and baked goods. You walk past a carpentry shop and smell of wood shavings and fresh boards. (J. Rodari) 19) You just need to do something good, do something then our mothers will smile and cry with happiness. (O. Shestinsky) 20) There is nothing more holy and selfless than a mother’s love; every affection, every love, every passion is either weak or self-interested in comparison with it. (V. Belinsky)

Indicate sentences that correspond to the following schemes:

– ; – .

(because)

Indicate a non-union complex sentence, the relationships between the parts of which are cause-and-effect.

Illustrate the following spellings with examples from the sentences:

1) -tsya, -tsya in verbs: ...

2) n, nn in suffixes of different parts of speech: ...

3) Not with different parts of speech: ...

4) roots with alternating vowels: ...

5) unstressed vowels, verified by stress: ...

Using an explanatory dictionary, explain the meaning of the highlighted word.

Write down the words whose structure corresponds to the diagrams:

Indicate the parts of speech in the 17th sentence.

Task 3. Read fragments of literary works. Indicate the author, title of the work, determine the genre.

Copy it by inserting missing letters and adding punctuation marks.

1) One poor mother did not sleep. She crouched down to the head of her dear sons who were lying next to her, she combed their young, carelessly tangled curls with a comb and moistened them with tears, she looked at them with all her senses and could not look away. She raised them with her own breasts, she raised them up and only for one moment sees them in front of her. My sons, my dear sons, what will happen to you, what awaits you, she said, and the tears stopped in the wrinkles that had changed her once red face.

2) Sweet old gentle
Don't be friends with sad thoughts
Listen to this snowy harmonica
I will tell you about my life.

3) Don't leave mothers alone
They grow old from loneliness.
Among the worries of love and books
Don't forget to be kinder to them.

4) I know a lot about the exploits of women who carried wounded fighters from the battlefield, who worked for men who gave their blood to children following their husbands along the Siberian highways. I never thought that all this had to do with my mother. To the quiet, shy, everyday worry(n, nn) ​​only with the intention of putting on our shoes...
Now I look back at her life and see she went through it all. I see this with the op_building. But I see.

5) If you have become harsh at heart
Be more kind to her.
B_r_gite Mother from an evil word
Know that children hurt everyone more!
...Mother will die and the scars will not be erased.
The mother will die and the pain will not be relieved.
I beg you to take care of Mom
Children of the world, take care of Mother!

6) My friend, my brother, my comrade
if your mother calls you
Strive for her with your heart. Sp_shi.
Rush to her in the most winged rocket.
Every moment counts. Be faster than sound
and than the light.
If you get late on the way, you won’t forgive yourself for this forever.
.....................................................
Oh, your mother’s testament, and who is wiser than you in the world?
You take us to the stars even on dark, deaf nights.
I dare to affirm that there are few bad mothers in the world!
Why is there still evil crawling on the earth?
AND selfishness stinks? And dries out the heart hoarding?
But how on earth would _light be made for people?
If only all their mothers would obey their offspring.

7) Z_foot give me a bigger soul
Kind heart
Eye (not) dormant
Naked, soft, tender, affectionate
Hands are strong (not) angry
It's very difficult to be a mother!

(N. Gogol. “Taras Bulba”; S. Yesenin. “The snow jam is crushed and pricked”; A. Dementyev, Yu. Yakovlev. “Heart of the Earth”; R. Gamzatov. “Take care of mothers”; S. Ostrovoy. “Mother”) "; A. Yashin. "Mother's Prayer.)

Draw diagrams of non-union complex sentences, indicate the grammatical basics in them.

Using a dictionary, find out the meaning of the underlined words.

Task 4. Prepare an expressive reading of the text.

My mother's constant presence merges with my every memory. Her image is inextricably linked with my existence... I sometimes lay in oblivion, some kind of intermediate state between sleep and fainting: my pulse almost stopped beating, my breathing was so weak that they put a mirror to my lips to find out if I was alive; Doctors and everyone around me had long ago condemned me to death: the doctors - based on undoubted medical signs, and those around me - based on undoubted bad omens. It is impossible to describe my mother’s suffering, but her enthusiastic presence of mind and hope to save her child never left her. “Mother Sofya Nikolaevna,” a distant relative, devoted to her soul, said more than once, as I myself heard, “stop torturing your child; After all, both the doctors and the priest told you that he is not a tenant. Submit to the will of God: place the child under the icon, light the candle and let his angelic soul leave his body in peace. After all, you only interfere with her and disturb her, but you cannot help her...” But my mother greeted such speeches with anger and answered that, as long as the spark of life glimmers in me, she will not stop doing everything she can for my salvation, - and again she put me, unconscious, in a strengthening bath, poured rhine wine or broth into my mouth, rubbed my chest and back with her bare hands for whole hours, and if this did not help, then she filled my lungs with her breath - and after a deep sigh, I began to breathe stronger, as if he was waking up to life, gaining consciousness, starting to eat and speak, and even recovered for a while. This happened more than once... I attributed my salvation to my mother’s constant care, unflagging care, and boundless attention. The attention and care was like this: constantly in need of money, living, as they say, from penny to penny, my mother got an old Rhine wine in Kazan, almost five hundred miles away, for an unheard-of price at that time. In the city of Ufa there were no so-called French white breads at that time - and every week, that is, every post, a generously rewarded postman brought three white breads from Kazan. I said this as an example; exactly the same was observed in everything. My mother did not allow the dying lamp of life in me to go out; As soon as he began to fade away, she nourished him with the magnetic outpouring of her own life, her own breath.

(S.T. Aksakov)

Formulate and write down the topic and main idea of ​​the text. (The selfless struggle of a mother for the life of her child is the theme of the text. The meaning of the text is deep: as long as there is a Mother on earth, a person is not afraid, she will light a light in the darkness of the night, will not let you get lost and fall into the abyss, will help, will protect you from trouble, will warm your soul, will save, will come back to life.)

Explain the placement of punctuation marks in the text.

Indicate non-conjunctive complex sentences in the text.

Draw a diagram of the third sentence and characterize it.

Remember the spelling "letters" n And NN in words of different parts of speech,” illustrate it with examples from the text.

Fill in the table with examples from the text:

Prepare to take dictation.

Task 5. Read the text. Write down, using punctuation marks, justify your choice.

You bought a new book... It may be in hard cardboard cover with calico covered in a hard cardboard (n, nn)o (paper) cover or in a soft paper cover. The book is new, clean and beautiful. Do you want to keep it in this form? Remember

Books are afraid 1 of the sun's rays (not) read 6 them in the bright sun. 7

Books are afraid of dampness (don’t) read them in the rain.

Books are afraid of dirt and grease stains (do not) read them (during) eating (do not) shave them with dirty hands.

Books are afraid of dust, clean them 2, 3 preferably with a vacuum cleaner.

Books are afraid of mechanical damage (do not) bend them 2 (do not) put them (in) thick things by turning them over 2 Grab the edge of the sheet and (do not) drool on your finger. 7

Use these tips to make sure your 3 books 1 will be extended 4 .

(From the calendar)

Title the text. Determine its main idea.

Explain the meaning of the highlighted word.

Perform the specified types of analysis.

Choose words with the same root book, reading.

Task 6. Prove that the colons in the examples refer to three different punctograms. What is the similarity in intonation of all sentences that have a colon?

1) I rode at a pace and was soon forced to stop: my horse got stuck, I couldn’t see a thing. (I. Turgenev) 2) Work saves us from three great evils: boredom, vice, need. (Voltaire) 3) I looked around: the night stood solemnly and royally. (I. Turgenev) 4) V.G. Belinsky argued: “Literature is the consciousness of the people, the flower and fruit of their spiritual life.” 5) Knowledge is based on three things: you need to see a lot, learn a lot and suffer a lot. (U. Foscolo)

Task 7. Read it. Explain the placement of colons in the text.

Fable

DRAGONFLY AND ANANT

In the fall, the ants' wheat became wet: they dried it. A hungry dragonfly asked them for food. The ants said: “Why didn’t you collect food in the summer?” She said: “I had no time: I sang songs.” They laughed and said: “If you played in the summer, dance in the winter.”

(L.N. Tolstoy)

Formulate and write down two questions for the fable.

Task 8. Indicate where the dash is placed: a) between the subject and the predicate; b) in an incomplete sentence; c) before a generalizing word; d) in a non-union complex sentence; d) in a complex sentence.

1) Fine snow began to fall - and suddenly fell in flakes. (A. Pushkin) 2) To comprehend one’s guilt to the end - this is the characteristic of a sage and brave man. 3) A bird is visible by its feathers, and a person by its speech. (Proverb) 4) Communication with a book is the highest and irreplaceable form of human intellectual development. 5) We descended into the ravine, the wind died down for a moment - measured blows clearly reached my ears. (I. Turgenev) 7) Read a book - enrich your memory, continuously learn new things.

Task 9. Find the "third wheel". Justify your choice.

I. 1) Thoughts should be attacked with thoughts: ideas should not be attacked with guns. (A. Rivarol) 2) She raised her eyes with effort and immediately looked away: Gogol looked at her, grinning. (K. Paustovsky) 3) The homeland is made up of concrete and visible things: huts, villages, rivers, songs, fairy tales, picturesque and architectural beauties. (V. Soloukhin)

II. 1) I lived, I was - for everything in the world I answer with my head. (A. Tvardrovsky) 2) Never lose patience - this is the last key that opens doors. (A. de Saint-Exupéry) 3) To be able to endure solitude and enjoy it is a great gift. (B.Shaw)

III. 1) Don’t sing, beauty, in front of me you sing the songs of sad Georgia: they remind me of another life and a distant shore. (A. Pushkin) 2) The desired time will come: love and friendship will reach you through dark barriers. (A. Pushkin) 3) I give up my place to you: it’s time for me to smolder, for you to bloom. (A. Pushkin)

Task 10. Copy using punctuation marks, inserting missing letters, and opening parentheses.

1) Learning is like swimming (with) the flow, you stopped for a minute and you were thrown (on) your ass. 2) The morning dawns on the whitened sky, the golden pale streak is fresher and the wind becomes harsher. (N. Gogol) 3) For everything that exists in nature, water, air, sky, clouds, sun, rain, water, rivers and lakes, meadows, fields of flowers and herbs, in the Russian language there is a great variety of good words and names. (K. Paustovsky) 4) The word is the key and opens hearts. (Proverb) 5) There is (in) the beginning of autumn a short but wondrous p_ra all day long, as if it were crystal and rays of sunshine yesterday. (F. Tyutchev) 6) If a person depends on nature, then it also depends on him; it made him, he remakes it. (A. France) 7) Give a person all the blessings of life but deprive him of an understanding of the meaning of life on earth, he will be unhappy. (K. Ushinsky) 8) An evil person is like a pear, it breaks easily but is difficult to glue together. A good person is like a jug of gold, difficult to break but is easily glued together. (Indian folk wisdom) 9) A person’s exceptional happiness is to be involved in his beloved work. (Vl. Nemirovich-Danchenko) 10) The prosperity of the Russian man is closely connected with the existence of the Russian people. Perishing, a silent disaster threatens man too. (K. Timiryazev) 11) The wealth of other people is (not) worth seeing; they acquired it at a price that we cannot afford; they sacrificed their health, honor, and conscience for it. This is too expensive (s, h) the deal would bring us only a loss. (J. Labruyère) 12) Love is a great decoration of life; it is the nature of flowers to play with colors, sing wonderful songs, dance in wonderful dances. (A. Lunacharsky) 13) Too much wealth sometimes makes a person (un)suitable for society; they (don’t) go to the market with gold bullion; there they need a coin, especially small change. (N. Chamfort)

Indicate non-union complex sentences and draw their diagrams.

Task 11. Read it. Guess the riddles. Write it down using punctuation marks.

1) One pours 1 another drinks the third grows. 2) One says let's run, let's run 6 the other says 6 let's stand, stand, the third says let's stagger, let's stagger. 3) Little Black 6 the dog is curled up 2 lies, does not bark, does not bite, and does not let him into the house. 4) The 2nd river is flowing 6 we are lying down. Ice on the river we are running 4.

Indicate the parts of speech in the first sentence.

Perform types of analysis.

Task 12. Read the text. Explain punctuation marks and highlighted spellings. Get ready to take dictation.

Summer, July morning! How gratifying br O go to hell A re! Green line l O there is a trace of your feet along the river O sistoy, pob e left-handed grass. you ra h dvin e those wet bushes - you'll be doused with nak O drank warm A home of the night; the air is all O with fresh bitterness O lyni, honey gr e sneezes and poops; vda whether there is a wall O it oak forest and bl e stitis and a l it's on with l ntse; still St. e and O, but I already feel V stuy ts I am the proximity of the heat. G O l O circle languidly ts I'm from excess bl A G O hoots. There is no shrub O wow... Some where is it vda whether e flying sp e growing yeah, y h kimi p O blushes with glosses e sneeze. Here's a sneak peek And sang t e leg; trial step And heaven ts I'm a man, puts the horse in the shade in advance... You p O building O fought with him, from O walked - I heard chn oh la h g to O cheese A building A e ts I'm behind you. The sun is getting higher and higher. Dries quickly e t grass. It's already getting hot... Through the thick bushes O Resolver, p e R e puta NN 2 tenacious grass, descent e get 2 you to the bottom O enemy... Under the very O by storm t A is exhausted chn IR; oak bush greedily With threw his palmed branches over the water b I; big with e R e bristly bubbles, to O gushing, under And tossing from the bottom covered with fine barch A dark moss 4... You are in the shadows, you are breathing And those p A hoochey cheese O stu; you x O R O sho 3... But what is it? Wind in e suddenly n A l e bodies and rushed; the air trembled all around: was it thunder?.. But the faint light e lightning struck... Eh, yes it's gr O behind! The sun is still shining brightly all around: O wants b It's still possible. But the cloud is A stet: its anterior edge is extended And sleeved, tilted O nyah ts I'm a vault. Grass, bushes, all of a sudden sweat e I'm tired... Hurry! look like ts I'm in And today ts I'm here NN oh s A paradise... soon! You are kind e stung, in O walked... How is the rain? what are lightning? Some-where through with O Lome NN water dripped onto the fragrant hay from the roof... But then the sun began to shine again. Thunderstorm Ave O walked; you are the way out And those. My God, how joyfully everything sparkles around, how fresh the air is and 3 and liquid, what does it smell like e blueberries 2 and mushrooms!..

(According to I. Turgenev)

How can you title this text?

How many paragraphs can there be in it? Which? Try to make an outline of the text.

Determine the artistic idea of ​​the text. Check the means to do this.

What means of interphrase communication does I.S. use? Turgenev?

Give the parts of speech in the last sentence.

Draw diagrams of non-union complex sentences. Emphasize the grammatical basics in non-conjunctive complex sentences.

Give a full punctuation description of the fourth sentence.

Perform types of analysis.

Task 13. Prepare an expressive reading of the text. Explain punctuation marks and spelling of highlighted words. Prepare to take dictation.

I remember for a long time: the heat, the stuffiness, the hair stuck together at the temples, throwing V half-delirious: hard the child is sick. And suddenly from somewhere, as if from another world, floats something cloudy, soft, cool and strokes the forehead, relieving pain and reducing fever; and finally sleep comes - a sound, peaceful sleep recovery...

Mother's hands. I remember them then, in my childhood years - beautiful, with long fingers. I know them and current ones... I also know: will it burst unexpected trouble, whether your soul gets sick, whether you lose yourself or love, the first hand extended to help, will be the mother's hand.

True, sometimes we overestimate it late And belated trying with flowers redeem my callousness, inattention, and sometimes - that they were embarrassed for some reason tell her about love. In life.

Differently their destinies, the destinies of our mothers, took shape. Look at these hands: like the branches of an old tree, sadly flowing down they are on their knees. The years have left their marks on them: in deep paths marked loss, grief, fatigue, lack of sleep, swollen like streams in flood, overworked veins... I see my mother on the threshold of the house: she worked from dawn until the evening, she went out onto the porch, sighed, sat down on the heated steps, folding her hands on her knees. Waiting something? Maybe yes: son, what a long time ago was not visiting, daughter, what grew up unnoticed, grandchildren When they come running, she will caress them, tell a long story a fairy tale or sing a song, sorting through children's curls...

Invest mother's hands in yours, raise them, bring it closer to your face, look into mottled with wrinkles fingers. They once upon a time were flexible and agile, soft and even. But no matter what they are - young or old, smooth or “with knots”, Nothing They are not and cannot be more beautiful in the world.

(According to O. Kuzmina)

Express your attitude to the problem raised in this text in a short creative work. Reflect on the following questions:

2) how can we repay, reward our mother for her love, carried like a burning candle through all the years of her life? for the sleepless nights spent near our crib, fighting enemies and illnesses that often befall children? for daily, painstaking work that continues from year to year, and at the same time so unnoticeable work around the house and housework?

(According to A. Vladimirov)

Use non-conjunctive complex sentences to express your thoughts whenever possible.

Task 14. Read the sentences. Try to name the author, work, genre. Write it down using punctuation marks.

1) Suddenly the cheese spirit stopped the Fox. The Fox sees the cheese. The Fox sees the cheese. captivated. 2) The crow croaked at the top of its throat and the cheese fell out with it, such was the trick. 3) I will find the secret and open the casket for you in Mechanics and I will be worth something. 4) So he began to work on the Casket, turning it from all sides and racking his brains. 5) Ignorant they judge exactly like that, they don’t have any sense, then everything they have is nothing. 6) “And he deigns to be angry in vain; I just can’t make him drink.” 7) You look at some businessman, he’s busy rushing about, everyone is amazed at him, he seems to be bursting out of his skin, but everything doesn’t move forward like a squirrel in a wheel. 8) The frog in the meadow saw Ox and started portliness She was envious of being equal to him. 9) My Orestes quarrels with Pylades, as soon as the shreds fly upward, they are finally poured with water. 10) I am your old matchmaker and godfather who came to make peace with you not at all for the sake of a quarrel; let’s forget the past and settle the common okay! 11) Everything has passed with the cold winter, the need for hunger is coming, the Dragonfly no longer sings, and who would think of a hungry stomach to sing! 12) Although it [the bridge] is simple in appearance, it has a wonderful property; not a single liar among us dares to cross it; it will not reach halfway; it will fail and fall into the water. 13) This Pike teaches you to be smarter and not follow mice. 14) The man had no great ideas; he immediately found some use in Bulat. 15) This is what I heard about it from the side dry The Lion showed contempt for the Mosquito, the evil took the Mosquito offence, and could not bear the insult, the Mosquito rose up and fought against the Lion. 16) Here the Nightingale began to show his art, clicked, whistled in a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered. 17) There are many such examples in the world; no one likes to recognize themselves in satire.

Explain punctuation marks. Draw diagrams of non-conjunctive complex sentences.

Give a complete punctuation description of sentences 5, 7, 9, 11, 12.

Determine the meanings of the highlighted words.

In what meaning is the word used? dry in the 15th sentence? Find synonyms for it.

Remember the rule “Spelling -tsya, -tsya in verbs" and illustrate it with examples from these sentences.

Perform types of analysis.

Indicate the parts of speech in the 9th sentence.

Continue formulating the conclusion: “I. Krylov’s fables contain...”.

What phenomena and vices does I. Krylov ridicule in his fables?

Task 15. Read the sentences. What punctuation marks need to be placed in them? Explain your choice. Fill the table.

1) The day turned out to be slushy, in the morning it began to snow mixed with rain... (B. Mozhaev) 2) Fomich examined his dilapidated tarpaulin boots and decided to tie the rubber soles with rawhide belts; the road to Tikhanov is long. (B. Mozhaev) 3) It was a cold, milky day; white, disheveled clouds rose towards him in the blue span between the houses. (V.Nabokov) 4) She looked at herself in the mirror: her face was paler than usual. (V.Nabokov) 5) In his appearance there was something like a badger, an elongated, blunt-nosed face with a black mustache and a white beard, a sloping low forehead and a densely lying, as if slicked, gray stubble of short hair. (B. Mozhaev) 6) It’s not for nothing that winter is angry; it’s time for spring to knock on the window and drive it out of the yard. (F. Tyutchev) 7) October has already arrived and the grove is shaking off the last leaves from its naked branches. (A. Pushkin) 8) Over the hills in clear hours the air smoked, carrying the bitter, intoxicating smell of dry wormwood, distant voices sounded clearly, and the screams of flying birds. (V. Rasputin) 9) I lost a lot of weight; my mother, who arrived at the end of September, was afraid for me. (V. Rasputin) 10) Nastenka, frightened by the elk, looked in amazement at the snake; the viper still lay curled up in a ring in the warm ray of the sun. (M. Prishvin) 11) The air is already beginning to get dark and everything around is cooling. (M. Prishvin) 12) The autumn chill has blown in and the road is freezing. (A. Pushkin) 13) It just so happened in their family that all the misfortunes happened on Frolov’s day. (B. Mozhaev) 14) Repairs would be ruinous for the house; you can’t disturb the old hard bones. (V. Belov) 15) I remember a wonderful moment you appeared in front of me. (A. Pushkin) 16) Freedom and licentiousness are completely opposite concepts to one another. (Quintilian) 17) Education needs three things in the gift of science and exercise. (Aristotle)

What sentences did you not write down? Why?

Which columns of the table were left blank? Fill them in with your own examples: make up your own sentences or copy them from literary works.