- What determines the consumption of bricks for building a house?
- Calculation of the number of bricks per house
- How to calculate a brick: an example
Almost everyone dreams of building a house. Many do not take up this matter because they believe that construction will be very expensive. Calculating costs is actually not that difficult. To do this, you need to determine the list of works that need to be done to build a house and the amount of materials.
One of the main stages in the construction of a brick house is the correct planning and calculation of the necessary materials.
The construction of any home requires competent planning. The construction of a brick house is no exception. In addition to the competent organization of construction work, it is necessary to correctly determine the necessary volume of building materials, including brick.
What determines the consumption of bricks for building a house?
The consumption of bricks will primarily depend on its type and method of installation. The installation method depends on what wall thickness you want to receive. The wall in the house can be ordinary (using a single brick), thickened (one and a half) and double. At the planning stage of the house, you need to determine which brick you will build the house from, choose a method of laying it. Thereafter. Using calculation methods, the amount of material consumed is determined.
For load-bearing walls of a house located in an area with a temperate and cold climate, usually choose a wall thickness of 2-2.5 bricks. Masonry can be carried out in various ways. In some cases, double or thickened bricks are used together with the facing material.
After determining the thickness of the future walls, all the parameters of the future home are determined. It is necessary to accurately establish the length of the future structure along the perimeter, as well as its height. Multiplying these two parameters, you can get the total area of the erected walls. The total area of door and window openings is subtracted from this indicator. Among other things, you need to know what dimensions a brick will have during construction. It can be single (250X120X65 mm), double (250X120X138 mm) and one and a half (250X120X88 mm). What material to choose for construction is a matter of taste. The use of a larger one leads to an acceleration of the construction period, but the appearance of the structure suffers.
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Calculation of the number of bricks per house
After determining all the main parameters, using the table (image) you can proceed to. The most common mistake made by beginners when planning is that they do not take into account the volume of mortar joints when calculating the amount of material needed. This leads to the fact that much more building material is purchased than is required (almost a third).
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How to calculate a brick: an example
First of all, we determine the length of the outer walls. For a house 10X10 m, the total perimeter is determined as follows:
P = 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 40 m.
With a ceiling height of 3.10 m, the height of the two-story house will be 6.20 m. Therefore, the total area of the external walls will be:
S total = 40 X6.20 = 248 sq.m.
From the total area we subtract the area that will be occupied by window and doorways (in our case, it is 58 square meters). Net area will be equal to:
S = 248-28 = 220 sq.m.
When choosing a masonry of 2.5 bricks, the wall thickness will be 64 cm. In each project, this indicator is calculated individually, depending on the weight of the floors, design features, etc. Masonry in 2 bricks will be made of a single ordinary brick and 1 row will be laid out (in half a brick) from a single front. According to the table, we determine the required amount of material:
51X220 = 11,220 pieces will be required for facing;
204X220 = 44880 pieces will be required for the construction of the main wall.
Knowing the cost of the material, it is possible to carry out calculations to determine the total costs that will arise during the construction of walls. Using the data in the table, you can calculate various options and choose the best option for yourself.
Having properly planned expenses, you can be sure that construction will be cheaper and will end in a shorter time. The cost of building a house will be even lower if you correctly calculate the right amount of mortar.
This information will be useful not only to those who are independently engaged in construction, but also to those who resort to the services of construction companies.
It will take you just a few minutes to make sure the cost estimates are correct. Some workers convince the employer to purchase more material, and then part of it is taken out and resold. To avoid such cases, it is necessary to carefully monitor each stage of construction. If you do not want to carry out calculations yourself, it is better to involve an independent specialist for this.
It is quite simple to independently calculate the amount of brick in the masonry. To carry out the calculation, you need to know the geometric dimensions of the proposed brickwork, have a calculator and corresponding calculation tables. It is also necessary to determine what brick the wall will be laid out and what thickness.
Brickwork layout: 1-4 - Masonry rows, 5 - Transverse wall, 6 - Brick layout on the wall, 7 - Filling wells, 8 - Mortar bed.
It is very important to know that the material should be taken all at once, in one batch.
The calculation shows that if you buy in small batches, a color difference and an excess of cash costs are possible.
Before adding water, all dry components must be mixed on a flat surface (this can be a sheet of plywood or a sheet of thin iron or a shallow wide container). Ideally, the solution is similar to melted oil, easily glides over the shovel and retains the shape of the recesses made in it.
The above calculation method is very simple and fairly accurate. It does not require any extra effort and takes a minimal amount of time. But the result will be obvious when without listening to long explanations of sales specialists and anxiously peering how they, calculating something on a calculator, call numbers and prices (of course, towards the obvious overstatement of the acquisition of necessary materials), you yourself will evaluate your costs .
To calculate the right amount of building stone, you will need a brick calculator for the basement. He will become a great assistant, so as not to miscalculate with the right amount of expense for construction. After all, it will not be very pleasant to find out about the shortage in the middle of the work. Such a problem will freeze construction, and you will have to lay out unplanned funds in advance for additional transportation.
What you need to know about the calculator and calculations?
How to start construction? Everyone knows that they begin to build a house from the foundation. After its completion, you need to proceed to the laying of the basement. A basement is a fragment of a wall that encloses a part of the underground that has been placed precisely on the foundation; the upper part is the same as the floor on the first floor. For high quality construction, all requirements must be observed. For an example we will take building material which we will directly use. It must be durable and resistant to external influences. There are 3 types of such materials:
- concrete as a continuation of a single foundation;
- foundation blocks;
- clay or silicate blocks.
Many people ask: how much material is needed in order not to spend extra money, but at the same time not to buy a second time? To do this, use a special calculator. Such a device will help to calculate the right amount of building and facing bricks for your needs. There are several secrets that will help ease your task, namely:
- The calculation of the amount will be the first thing to decide. The calculator already known to us will help in this, but we will talk about the principle of its work a little later. All material must be taken immediately of the right amount, since as a result of a shortage, you can buy a brick from another batch, which may differ in color.
- If you calculate the amount of bricks incorrectly, taking much more than necessary, it turns out that the money will be spent inappropriately. You also need to know that they are of three types: single, one and a half and double. Looks more beautiful and the most popular of them - single.
- Be sure to know the length and height around the perimeter of the basement. If the height is different, you should find the arithmetic average of the length and height.
- At this stage, the number of bricks per base is not entirely accurate. Usually there are marriages, on average about 6%. Therefore, the same percentage must be added to the entire quantity, so that the material is probably enough.
Before starting the construction of a house, the purchase of building material is usually carried out. In order not to be mistaken, you need to know how to calculate the amount of brick for building a building. It is better to buy red brick or color from one batch, otherwise there may be differences in color, which will cause a not too attractive appearance of the house. The difference in shades is explained by the firing temperature and the composition of clay, the properties of pigments.
Calculating how much brick is needed is not so easy for a beginner. For the correct construction of brick walls and partitions, it is not enough to take into account only their height and width. It is necessary to take into account the layout of the masonry, which will be used for external and internal walls. The masonry pattern affects the strength and thickness of future walls, as well as their resistance to cracks and bends. Before starting the calculations, you need to decide which brick will be used. It is required to additionally calculate the total area of future walls, door and window openings. The calculation of the strength of the walls is not so important if it is not planned to build a house above 3 floors.
Calculation Rules
Brick needs table depending on masonry and wall thickness.Before calculating how much brick you need, you should determine what the thickness of the external and internal walls will be. If the region has a predominantly temperate climate, a thickness of 64 cm will be sufficient. The thickness of the walls also depends on which masonry method is chosen. In order to correctly calculate a brick, you need to know its exact dimensions: height, width and length. Next, the perimeter of the entire building is calculated, the resulting number is multiplied by the height of the walls. The final number is equal to the surface area of the entire planned structure. After that, calculate what area will have window and doorways. The resulting number is subtracted from the surface area.
After that, decide which brick to choose. It happens:
- single - dimensions 65x120x250 mm;
- one and a half (full and hollow) - 88x120x250 mm;
- double - 138x120x250 mm.
The building is constructed from double and one and a half bricks much faster due to its size. However, the structure may not have a very attractive appearance. It costs one and a half and double bricks a little more expensive than a single brick, this helps to significantly save on the cement mortar used for masonry. Single brick walls look much more aesthetically pleasing.
About 10% is added for broken waste. The calculation can be made without taking into account the thickness of the cement joint. In this case, more brick is required than is actually necessary. Using this method, you can calculate the amount of building material needed for the building yourself.
In order to find out how to calculate the number of bricks in a masonry, you can contact a familiar builder. The most reliable source of SNiP is a document that indicates the most accurate calculations in all construction areas, including brickwork.
In it you can find standard calculations for each type of brick. It should be noted that data are usually indicated without taking into account the area of window and door openings. For each house they are individual. Another calculation option is to calculate the amount of brick required for 1 m² of masonry. After that, you can calculate how much brick is needed on all walls of the building (external and internal).
Counting bricks for cladding and partitions
Brick is required not only for the construction of external and load-bearing walls, but also for internal partitions and cladding of the building. The number of bricks for cladding depends on which type will be selected. In the calculations, a specific structure is taken into account. Choosing from several types of cladding, you can calculate the amount of building material for each of them, and then choose the most optimal option. This method is suitable if financial opportunities are limited and you need to save a little. Internal partitions can also be with a different type of masonry, you can carry out a similar calculation procedure for them.
For accurate calculations, you can use specialized calculators. They only need to enter the available data specified in the project of the house, and get the result. Such calculators calculate not only the amount of brick for cladding and partitions, but also for external and load-bearing walls.
It happens that the number of bricks needs to be calculated not for building a house, but for the reconstruction of an existing one. Brickwork may begin to collapse over time due to exposure to natural factors or due to shrinkage of the foundation. The reasons for the destruction of masonry are many, but in any case, reconstruction needs to be done. If cracks up to 5 mm wide appear, cement mortar can be used. If several bricks are damaged or the cracks are too large, their full replacement is required. In some cases, foam is used, which fills the gap. After the final hardening, it is cut to a depth of about 2 cm inward and covered with cement mortar. The difference in the calculations is only that the area of the damaged area is much smaller than that of the whole house.
After determining the amount of building material required, the total purchase price can also be calculated. This will help to plan expenses correctly, significantly save money when choosing the most optimal option for masonry.
The calculation of the building material for building a house depends on the type of material and the way the brick will be laid. There are three types of bricks: single, thickened, double. The calculation must begin at the design stage when the construction of the walls has not yet begun. The type of masonry and the amount of material will depend on the calculation.
For regions with a temperate or cold climate, the calculation of brick per house is two or two and a half brick blocks. But when the wall will not be plastered or insulated, then you can use a single. To save money on building materials, you can use a double brick in conjunction with facing. The price of a double is lower than a single for the same type of construction.
Masonry cladding
Next, you can calculate the number of brick blocks, if you have to use masonry with its use. For this, the perimeter of the entire room of the house is determined. To do this, take the length of all its sides and fold. Having learned the perimeter, you can find out the area of the walls that will be revetted - we take the perimeter and multiply it by height.
To clad a house, it is enough to know the area of the facing surface, on which the facing material will lie. After the area has been determined, it is necessary to find out the sizes of windows and doors. Their area will be deducted from the total area of the room.
The next step is to make a calculation of the amount of bricks for decoration. The standard sizes of facing materials for home decoration are as follows:
- length - 25 cm
- width - 12 cm
- height - 6.5 cm.
What you need to know to calculate masonry
For beginners, for the first time calculating a brick for building a house, one must remember that, when calculating, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the seam remaining from the mortar during construction. Its dimensions can vary from 5 to 10 mm, so seams occupy 20-30% in a cubic meter of laid material.
There are two ways to adjust the quantity:
- Increase the seam length.
- Reduce material consumption during masonry. The error in laying 2-3% does not play a special role.
Practical example
The formula for calculating a brick for a house is already known. But we have not used it yet in a practical example, knowing only how to do subtraction. So, taking into account that the formula allows you to find out the calculation of the number of bricks per house, you can take, for example, a building with:
- two floors
- ceiling height 3 m,
- walls of 6 m, each in length - 10 m.
Bearing walls have a width corresponding to two and a half bricks, and the inner walls - 1.
The masonry of the load-bearing walls in two bricks is made of double material, the last row is half-brick of a single for facing. According to calculations, the sum of the length of the partitions inside the house is 43 m.
The building has 9 windows, each of which has dimensions 1.7x1.25 m, 3 doors in the external walls with parameters 2.1x1.2 m. There are also 5 internal doors.
Knowing these data, we can begin to calculate:
- We determine the area of the walls inside and outside. Knowing their area, we substitute in the formula for the external ones - 6x4x10 = 2402; for internal - 43x3 = 1292.
- Now, according to the area of window and doorways, we determine that 9x1.7x1.25 = 19.125 m 2 - windows of the external walls, 3x2.1x1.2 = 7.56 m 2 - doors of the external walls, 5x2x1.2 = 12 m 2 - doors of the internal walls.
- We correct the calculations with the deduction of window and doorways. 240–19.125–7.56 = 213.315 m 2 for external, 129–12 = 117 m 2 for internal.
- For the construction of external walls, a different type of brick is used, therefore, to calculate the material, you need to calculate the area of the walls. For masonry of double brick per 1 square. m. will have 104 pieces of material. And the single consumption for facing is 51 pcs / m 2. The internal walls will take 102 pieces per square meter.
- Calculation of a double brick for the house - 213.315x104 = 22185 pieces. Facing - 213.315x51 = 10880 pieces. On the interior partitions leaves 117x102 = 11934 pieces.
Although the dimensions of the bricks are standard, in different batches they can vary slightly in parameters. In construction, the use of fragments of different sizes is undesirable. Therefore, you need to purchase a batch at a time so that all the details are the same.
In order to calculate the material for a house made of brick, for the design of windows you need to know the following data. It is necessary to take the dimensions of the windows and divide by the height of the material.
The calculation of brick for facing the house is applied without taking into account the seam. Therefore, using a facing brick for masonry, you need to add 10 mm to the height and length.