It presents the readers with the calendar for the month of Ramadan 2018 for the territory of Azerbaijan, which was compiled based on the calculations of the Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory (SHAO) of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (ANAS).

According to the fatwa, May 17 is the first day of the month of Ramadan. The nights of Laylat al-Qadr will fall from 18th to 19th, from 20th to 21st, from 22nd to 23rd, from 26th to 27th days of the month of Ramadan (according to the Gregorian calendar from 3 on 4, from 5 to 6, from 7 to 8, from 11 to 12 June). The holiday of Ramadan will be celebrated on the first day of the Muslim month of Shawwal - June 15. On the same day, a festive prayer will be performed in the mosques of Azerbaijan.

The Caucasian Muslims Office calls on everyone to be patient in the month of Ramadan and to do charitable deeds in the name of Allah. Ramadan is a holy month for Muslims and is called the Crown of the Year, "Shahrullah" (the month of Allah) and "Ziyafatullah" (the feast of Allah). It was in this month that the Holy Quran began to condescend to the Prophet Muhammad (CAC). In this month, Allah bestows upon people great benefits, forgives them their sins, ennobles and bestows upon them. Just as the autumn rain cleanses the earth of all dust, so the month of Ramadan cleanses the souls of believers from sins.

Below is a fasting table for residents of Baku and its suburbs:

For residents of cities far from the capital, the time varies from the presented table (in minutes):

Agdam +11, Agdash +10, Agsu +5, Agjabedi +10, Agstafa +18, Astara +4, Babek + 18, Balaken +5, Beylagan +10, Barda +11, Gokchay +8, Ganja +14, Gadabay + 16, Goranboy +12, Horadiz +10, Gokgol +14, Gakh +11, Gazakh +19, Gazimammed +4, Gabala +8, Quba +5, Gusar +4, Jalilabad +6, Jabrayil +12, Julfa +18, Dashkesen +15, Yevlakh +11, Zagatala +15, Zangilan +13, Zardab +9, Ismayilli +6, Imishli +7, Kelbajar +15, Kurdemir +6, Lachin +14, Lankaran +5, Lerik +7, Masalli + 5, Maraza +3, Mingechevir +11, Nakhchivan +18, Neftchala +3, Oguz +11, Orudubad +16, Saatli +6, Sabirabad +6, Salyan +4, Siyazen +3, Sumgayit +1, Terter +12, Tovuz +16, Ujar +8, Fizuli +11, Khachmaz +4, Shamakhi +6, Shahbuz +18, Sheki +12, Shamkir +15, Sharur +18, Shusha +13, Shabran +4, Shirvan +4, Yardimli + 8 minutes.

Daily prayers in the holy month of Ramadan:

How Fasting Is Properly Observed

The Almighty has determined the order of fasting during the blessed month of Ramadan. Observance of fasting in the month of Ramadan is obligatory for every conscientious, adult and capable of fasting according to the Sharia Muslim.

Every day, after the morning meal (imsak), before starting the fast, it is necessary to say a prayer (niyyet), as well as during fasting (iftar). You can learn about prayers from special religious literature.

Opening the post - iftar, preferably with a date, clean water, milk or something sweet. In no case should you eat foods that contain pork or alcoholic additives while eating. It is undesirable to eat too densely neither in the morning nor in the evening, it burdens the body and is harmful to health. It is also advisable to feed those who have fasted in the evening. According to the hadith, the one who fed the fasting person in the evening will receive the same reward as the one who fasted.

Limitations and features during fasting

In the period between morning and evening prayer, some actions cannot be performed:

1) You cannot deliberately lie, swearing by the names of Allah, prophets and imams.

2) You can't eat or drink. In addition, nothing should flow into the body through natural openings. For example, it is impossible for water to enter the ear opening, or thick fog, smoke and steam (flour, dust, cigarette smoke, etc., floating in the air) enter the body through the mouth or nose, and you also cannot chew gum and do enemas ... You can taste food (if a person is preparing food), but not swallow, but spit it out. If the food is swallowed out of forgetfulness or unconsciously, then the oruj is not considered interrupted. After eating in the morning (imsak) before the start of fasting, it is necessary to thoroughly cleanse the mouth and between the teeth from food debris, because if you swallow small food debris during the fast, it breaks the fast.

3) You can not have sexual intercourse during fasting. It is also undesirable for spouses to engage in intimate caresses that excite each other. Intimate relationships after fasting are allowed, but with the condition of complete ablution before morning prayer. Note that if an orgasm occurred during sleep (emission), then this does not lead to stopping the fast. In this case, you should take a dip and continue the fast.

4) Vomiting, if deliberately, breaks the fast. If the fasting person pulls out against his will, then the fast is not broken, only the mouth should be rinsed.

5) The appearance of menstruation even before sunset breaks the fast. It is not forbidden for women to use cosmetics and incense, but it is better to abstain, because lipstick from the lips can enter the body, which is unacceptable during fasting.

6) It is better not to perform actions that cause blood loss, including tooth extraction. If the gums bleed and the fasting person swallows blood with saliva, then the fast is broken. Taking medication also interrupts the fast. Injections are given to sick people for whom fasting is not desirable, but after recovery the person must compensate for these days.

7) Swallowing saliva and phlegm does not interrupt fasting, nor does rinsing the mouth and bathing. Only a person who is bathing should be careful not to swallow the water and plunge into the water with his head. For example, don't jump into a pool or sea.

Release from fasting

Fasting is obligatory for all believers, except for minors, the elderly and seriously ill, insane, pregnant women and nursing mothers, travelers and those who are on the battlefield.

"Who among you finds this month, let him spend it in fasting, and whoever is sick or on the way, let him observe the fast on other days. Allah wishes you relief and does not want difficulties, and so that you can fully and completely fast and magnify the Lord for that that He led you to the true path, maybe you will be grateful! " - said in the Quran.

It is a sin for a woman to fast during the period of menstruation and postpartum cleansing, but after cleansing she must make up for the days of fasting that were missed. As well as the patient, after recovery, and do this before the month of Ramadan next year. But if a person is sick or old, and cannot in any way observe the fast, then for each missed day of fasting he must feed the poor man his fill. If the fast was skipped voluntarily, due to negligence or neglect, then this is a grave sin and a heavy fine is imposed on it (ask for the amount in the mosque).

The night of predestination of fate

The exact date of the revelation of the Quran is unknown, but for centuries, Muslim believers have been celebrating the sacred night of Laylat al-Ghadr in the last 10 days of Ramadan at nights on odd days of the month (Ehya Gejesi). In another way, it got the name - the Night of the Predestination of Fate, because it is believed that it is on this night that the Almighty make up the fate of a person for the coming year. The Qur'an says: "We sent it down (the Qur'an) on the Night of Predestination. How do you know what the Night of Predestination is? The Night of Predestination is better than a thousand months. On this night angels and the Spirit (Jabrail) descend, with the permission of their Lord, in order to fulfill His commands . On this night - the sending of greetings until dawn. "

As a rule, some Muslims celebrate this night from 18 to 19, from 20 to 21 and from 22 to 23 of the month of Ramadan. Others believe that the Holy Night falls on the night of the 26th to 27th of the month of Ramadan.

Fasting Promotes Health

Observing fasting in accordance with all the rules cleanses a Muslim not only spiritually, but also improves health. If a person constantly eats and drinks abundantly, not giving the body rest, then poisonous substances accumulate in the body. The human body, tired of systematic food intake throughout the year, rests this month. At the same time, a kind of renewal takes place in our body. Here is what the Prophet Muhammad (S) said about this: "Observe Oruj and you will become healthier."

According to doctors, fasting strengthens the immune system, improving the functional parameters of lymphocytes tenfold, as well as increasing the content of cells responsible for immunity; prevents obesity; prevents the formation of excess acidity, which is the main cause of stomach ulcers; protects against the formation of kidney stones, as it increases the content of sodium in the blood, interfering with the processes of calcination; inhibits sexual instincts, especially in young people, thereby protecting the body from mental and physical disorders; abstinence from drinking increases the energy of the body and the ability to learn, improves memory; activates and optimizes metabolic processes in cells with the participation of glucose, fats and proteins.

Ramadan 2019 is the time of cleansing the spirit and body from all unclean things. Uraza is the name of the Muslim fast in the Holy Month, whose name is Ramadan.

Uraza 2019 begins on May 6 with the rising of the moon and ends on June 3, and on June 4, the most important holiday Uraza-Bairam (Ruza Khait, Orozo-Ait) begins, symbolizing the end of the holy month!

What Fasting Can't Do in Ramadan 2019

How not to break fasting in Ramadan 2019? In order to keep the Uraza correctly, you need:

1. Be a muslim
2. Be capable - healthy, with a clear mind
3. Take Intentions (Niyat).

During fasting, you cannot:

• drink,
• there is,
• taking injections that are substitutes for food and drink,
• to lose consciousness (the fasting person feeling the threat of loss of consciousness must interrupt the fast with the subsequent compensation of the remaining days). Loss of consciousness between Fajr and Maghreb makes fasting invalid.
• have intimate relationships, masturbate,
• take medications and alcohol, drugs,
• smoke.
• Chew gum.
• To cleanse the body in an unnatural way (enemas, artificial vomiting).
• Sing, dance, listen to music loudly.

With the onset of night, the prohibitions are lifted.

The Uraza lasts differently each year, but usually it is 29 or 30 days, and each year the fast begins 10 days earlier than the previous year.

Ramadan 2019: The Beginning and Features of Fasting

The official start date of the month of Ramadan (which means "sultry" and "hot") in 2019 is May 6, fasting will end with sunset on June 3.

Ramadan is crowned with one of the most important holidays of the Muslim world - Eid al-Adha. On a holiday, all restrictions on the post of Uraz cease to apply. Believers greet each other with the words "Eid Mubarak!" (Blessed holiday).

During the holy month, believers of both sexes must strictly adhere to the two fundamental dogmas of Islam - prayer and fasting. From sunrise to sunset, Muslims have a number of strict requirements and restrictions, the violation of which leads to a violation of the fast.

Uraza 2019: start - requirements

During the month of Ramadan, every Muslim should do:

• Know the beginning and end of the fasting time. It is necessary to know the timing of accepting the Intention.
• Read prayers, recite the Koran and confirm your intention (niyat) to participate in this holiday in the name of Allah.
• Refrain from temptation and bad thoughts and intentions.
• Do good deeds: give alms, help those in need, and bring food to the poor.

Uraza 2019: exceptions

There is a certain list of persons who, due to certain factors, can be released from office. These include:

• Pregnant and breastfeeding women (fasting is reimbursed at other times).
• Women who have postpartum or menstrual bleeding. (fasting is refunded at other times).
• Mentally ill, elderly people,
• Patients whom fasting can harm (fasting is reimbursed at other times).
• Believers, soldiers wandering around the world or around the country (fasting is reimbursed at other times).

Ramadan 2019: Fasting Schedule Every Day

After learning about when the start of the holy month of Ramadan 2019 will be, it will also be useful to announce the fasting schedule for each day of the holy month.

Prayer times in Ramadan 2019 MSK

(Version time-namaz.ru. Also on this site you can see the exact prayer times for your city).

May

How and when to carry out SUKHUR AND IFTAR in Ramadan 2019

Suhoor - the morning meal must be stopped before dawn begins, before the first signs of dawn approach: “Eat, drink, until you distinguish the white thread from the black [until the dividing line between the coming day and the leaving night appears on the horizon] at dawn. And then fast until night [before sunset, refraining from eating, drinking and intimate relationships with your spouse] ”(see Holy Quran, 2: 187). With the beginning of the morning prayer-namaz, the meal (suhur) also ends.

Suhoor time begins shortly before dawn. If a person eats a few hours before dawn or before bedtime, this is not called suhoor. See al-Mausu'atul-fiqhiyya 3/269.

The importance of the morning meal is evidenced by the following words of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): “Eat before dawn [on the days of fasting]! Truly, in suhoor - God's grace (barakat)! ”. Also, a reliable hadith says: “There are three practices, the use of which will give a person strength to fast (he will eventually have enough strength and energy to fast):

• eat, and then drink [that is, do not drink much during meals, do not dilute gastric juice, but drink after the feeling of thirst appears, 40-60 minutes after eating],
• eat [not only in the evening, breaking fast, but] in the early morning [before the adhan for morning prayer],
• sleep in the afternoon (take a nap) [approximately 20–40 minutes or more between 13:00 and 16:00] ”.

If a person intending to fast did not eat before dawn, then this does not affect the validity of his fast, but he will lose some part of the savab (reward), because he will not perform one of the actions included in the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad.

Iftar (evening meal) is advisable to start just after sunset. It is undesirable to postpone it until a later time.

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “My ummah will be abundant until it starts to postpone breaking the fast and does suhoor from the night [and not in the morning, especially getting up before the morning prayer time] ”.

What to eat during Suhoor and Iftar in Ramadan 2019

On Suhur:

• no fast carbohydrates (white bread, baked goods, refined flour products, shop sweets) to prevent fast onset of hunger.
• salty, fatty, fried food - it increases thirst,
• Give preference to steamed, baked and boiled meat,
• Eat legumes (lentils, soybeans, white and red beans, chickpeas, baked beans, mung bean)
• Barley (barley or shelled), millet, quinoa, green buckwheat, brown rice, and all other unpolished rice.
• Whole wheat pasta, wholemeal bread without yeast.
• Apples, dried apricots, peaches, cherries, grapefruits, plums, oranges, pears.
• Avocado, squash, spinach, peppers, onions, mushrooms, leafy greens, leeks, green beans, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, tomatoes.

On Iftar

• By tradition, it is advisable to start breaking the fast with water and an odd amount of fresh or dried dates. If there are no dates, then iftar can start with something sweet or drink some water. According to a reliable hadith, the Prophet Muhammad, before the evening prayer, began his fasting with fresh or dried dates, and if they were not there, then with plain water.
• After prayer - bread and baked goods, meat, fish, poultry, all kinds of side dishes. But remember that the food in Ramadan should be simple, correctly composed with the above in mind. It is necessary to avoid israfa (waste) in spending money on food, as well as observe the principle of moderation in food.

Ramadan 2019: What You Can Do During Fasting

• donate blood,
• injecting drugs
• bathe,
• kisses are allowed.

Ramadan 2019: end - when, Eid al-Adha holiday

The holiday of breaking the fast (in Arabic Eid al-Fitr, and in Turkic Uraza-Bairam) in 2019 will come with sunrise on June 14. The ringing of a bell announces that a person has coped with the most difficult test in the name of God. Uraza is the second most important Muslim celebration after Eid al-Adha, the holiday of sacrifice, which coincides with the last day of the pilgrimage to Mecca.

By the end of Ramadan, they begin to prepare in advance: the house and yard are thoroughly cleaned, people are preparing festive dishes and the best outfits. The distribution of alms is considered an obligatory ritual. This compensates for the mistakes that the person may have made while fasting. In this case, they donate either money or food.

2019 Ramadan Fasting Rewards

The rewards of fasting are truly great, and one of the narrated saheeh hadiths says that Allah chose fasting for Himself, and He will reward the fasting person and increase the reward immeasurably, as He said:

· "Except for fasting, which is only for Me and I will reward him for it."
(al-Bukhari, al-Fath 1904, Sahih al-Targib 1/407).

· Fasting is not equal (al-Nissai, 4/165, Saheeh al-Targib 1/407), and the supplication (dua) of the fasting person will not be rejected
(narrated by al-Bayhaqi 3/345, al Silsilah al-Sahih, 1797).

The fasting person has two moments of joy: the first - when breaking the fast, and the second - when he meets his Lord and rejoices in his fast
(Muslim 2/807).

· Fasting will intercede for a person on the Day of Judgment and say: “Oh Lord, I kept him fromfood and carnal desires during the day, so let me intercede for him. "
(Ahmad 2/147. Al-Haytami said that this isnad is Hasan, al-Majma. Sahih al-Targib, 1/411).

· "The smell emanating from the mouth of a fasting person is better with Allah than the aromas of musk."
(Muslim, 2/807).
"Fasting is protection and a strong fortress that protects a person from Fire."
(Ahmad, 2/402; Saheeh al-Targib, 1/411; Saheeh al-Jami 3880).

· "Whoever fasts one day for the sake of Allah, Allah will take his face at a distance of seventy years from the Fire."
(Muslim, 2/808).

· "Whoever fasts one day, seeking the mercy of Allah, then if this is the last day of his life, he will enter Paradise."
(Ahmad, 5/391, Saheeh al-Targib, 1/412).

· “There is a gate in Paradise called al-Riyan, through which the fasting people will pass, and no one else will pass through them; when they begin to pass, they will close, and no one else will pass through them. "
(al-Bukhari, Fath, 1797).

Ramadan is a pillar of Islam; The Kur'an was revealed in this month, and there is a night in it better than a thousand months.
· "When Ramadan begins, the gates of Paradise open and the gates of Hell are closed, and the devils are chained."
(al-Bukhari, al-Fath, 3277).
· "Fasting in Ramadan is equal to a fast of ten months."
(Musnad Ahmad, 5/280, Sahih al-Targib, 1/421).
· "Whoever fasts in Ramadan with faith and hope for a reward, all his past sins will be forgiven."
(al-Bukhari, Fath, 37).

· "During each break of the fast, Allah will choose people freed from Fire."

(Ahmad, 5/256, Saheeh al-Targib, 1/419).

Sheikh Muhammad Solih Munajid
from the book "70 Highlights About Fasting"

Ramadan considered the most valuable month for Muslims, this is the month of the Ummah of the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him.

“In the month of Ramadan, the Qur'an was revealed — correct guidance for the people, clear evidence from correct guidance and discernment. Anyone of you who is found this month should fast. And if someone is sick or on the way, then let him fast the same number of days at another time. Allah wishes you relief and does not wish you trouble. He wants you to complete a certain number of days and magnify Allah for guiding you on the straight path. Perhaps you will be grateful. "

Holy Quran. Sura 2 "Al-Bakara" / "The Cow", ayah 185

According to legend, in the month of Rajab, seeds are thrown into the ground, that is, believers repent. In Shaaban they are "watered" by performing good deeds after repentance. And in the month of Ramadan, they harvest the harvest - Muslims are cleansed from sins, spiritually improved.

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said that when the month of Ramadan comes, the gates of Paradise are opened, the gates of Hell are closed, and the shaitans are tied so that they do not harm Muslims, do not lead them astray.

Worship

On the first night Allah accepts all prayers. It is desirable to spend it in worship, give alms, remember and praise Allah, read prayers, repent of sins and ask for forgiveness from the Almighty (see istigfar).

The prescription of fasting Ramadan and the reward for it is the greatest mercy of Allah. Fasting in Ramadan - one of the duties of Muslims assigned by Almighty Allah. The fasting person must diligently observe not only the Fardas, but also the Sunnats during the period from dawn (beginning of morning prayer) before the sun goes down (time of evening prayer). Respect for the fasting people is also godliness. This month it is important to regularly read Salawats, perform namaz, taraweeh and other prayers by the Jamaat in the mosque, read the Holy Quran, distribute sadaka, refrain from forbidden things, do good deeds, and study Islam.

Zakat-ul-fitr... The fast that a Muslim held during the month of Ramadan hangs between Heaven and Earth until Zakat-ul-fitr is paid. Zakat al-fitr, zakat sa, zakat sahra, sadaka-fitr, sadakatul-fitr, zakatul-fitr, sadaka-al-fitr, sadakat al-fitr, fitr - these are different names for one obligatory type of zakat that is paid in Ramadan ... Sunset ul-fitr can be paid throughout the month of Ramadan, but preferably before sunset on the eve of Eid al-Fitr ("Id" - a holiday, "fitr" - breaking the fast).

Hadith about Ramadan

It is reported from the words of Abu Huraira, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “When Ramadan comes, the gates of paradise open” (Al-Bukhari). In another version (of this hadith), according to (Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him), it is reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “When the month of Ramadan comes, the heavenly gates are opened, and the gates of hell are locked, and the shaitans are chained” (Al -Bukhari)

It is narrated from the words of Abu Huraira, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Let none of you begin to fast a day or two days before the start of Ramadan, unless a person does this constantly, in which case, let him fast on this day "(Al-Bukhari, Muslim)

“Whoever fasted in Ramadan with faith and hope for reward, his previous sins will be forgiven.” (Al-Bukhari, Muslim). Other versions of this hadith: "All the past sins of a believer who spends the nights of Ramadan in worship, expecting a reward only from Allah, will be forgiven" (Bukhari). “The month of Ramadan is atonement for another month of Ramadan. Sins committed between them (with the exception of great sins) are forgiven by Allah "(Muslim, Tirmidhi)

Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said: "In the month of Ramadan, those who mention Allah are forgiven, and the prayers of those who ask Allah will not be rejected" (Muslim)

Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said: “The month of Ramadan has come, which is very blessed. Allah's attention is drawn to you this month. He bestows special mercy, forgives sins, accepts du'a. Allah looks at your zeal for good deeds and takes pride in front of the angels. So show Allah your good deeds "

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Every night during breaking the fast, Allah, who is Aziz (Mighty) and Jalil (Majestic), frees thousands of thousands of those who were supposed to get there from the fire ..." (Bayhaki)

Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed more worship in the month of Ramadan than in other months. And the largest number of worship he performed in the last ten days of Ramadan. He spent the last ten nights of Ramadan in worship and woke up his family at night to worship ”(Bukhari, Muslim)

“The Messenger of Allah is the most generous of people. His most generous moments is when Jibril, peace be upon him, met with him in Ramadan. Jibril peace be upon him, every night in Ramadan met with him and they read the Quran together. Therefore, during the meeting with Jibril, peace be upon him, he was more generous than the blessed wind, which does not recognize any obstacles "(Al-Bukhari, Muslim)

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said: "The heart of the one who stood in the prayers of the night of Discourse and the night of Sacrifice, will not die on the day when hearts die" (Al-Bukhari, Muslim)

Ramadan is a month of fasting and spiritual cleansing, in different Muslim countries it can start at different times - it depends on the method of astronomical calculation or direct observation of the phases of the moon.

Muslims congratulate each other on the onset of Ramadan, since it was in this month that the Holy Quran was revealed, which plays a special role in the life of every believer.

Holy month of Ramadan

The month of Ramadan, which Muslim believers consider their main duty of the year, is very important in Islam. This is the sacred month of obligatory fasting and daily prayers - a time to earn eternal Paradise.

In the holy month of Ramadan, many deeds can be awarded a great reward: fasting, five daily prayers (namaz), the Taraweeh prayer, sincere supplication-du "a, evening (iftar) and pre-dawn meals (suhoor), as well as donations and many others. good deeds and deeds.

The righteous believe that fasting helps a Muslim to control negative emotions and qualities, such as anger, hatred, greed, and also to fight against overwhelming passions.

In Islam, they hope to approach the Almighty through fasting. And in view of the fact that closeness to Allah is the meaning of the life of a believer, fasting occupies an important place in Islam. First of all, fasting is intended to pacify the soul and body, as well as accurately fulfill the instructions of Allah.

How to fast

The holy fast of Ramadan begins at dawn and ends at sunset - in the daytime the faithful refuse to eat.

In Islam, during fasting, there are two night meals: suhur - before dawn and iftar - in the evening. It is advisable to finish the pre-dawn meal at least half an hour before dawn, and iftar should be started immediately after the evening prayer.

Compliance with these two meals is rewarded with an additional reward, although skipping is not a violation of the fast. According to the Qur'an, the best food for a nighttime meal is water and dates.

Pre-dawn meal

The Prophet Muhammad also spoke about the importance of a pre-dawn meal. He said: "Eat before dawn in the days of fasting! Truly, in suhoor - God's grace (barakat)!"

Muslims spend their morning meals throughout Ramadan before dawn. They believe that Allah will reward very much for such an action. You should not overeat during suhoor, but you should eat enough food - it gives strength for the whole day.

Evening meal

The evening meal should be started immediately after sunset, that is, after the fourth, penultimate prayer on this day.

Isha - Night Prayer - The last of the five obligatory daily prayers, followed by Iftar. Doctors do not recommend skipping iftar, it can have a bad effect on the body.

Do's and Don'ts

Complex carbohydrates are recommended to be consumed during suhoor - vegetable salad, sprouted grain bread, cereal dishes. Complex carbohydrates provide the body with energy, while they take a long time to digest. Dried fruits - dates, nuts - almonds and fruits - bananas are also suitable.

You should not eat protein foods in the morning - it loads the liver, which works without interruption during fasting. At this time of day, you should not eat fried, fatty and smoked food, as well as fish, as you will want to drink after it. You also need to give up coffee.

Meat and vegetable dishes can be eaten during iftar, as well as cereals and sweets in small quantities. By the way, sweets can be replaced with dates or fruits. But you need to drink a lot of water. You can also drink compote, tea, fruit drink, juice and jelly.

It is not advisable to take fatty and fried foods in the evening - it will cause heartburn and be deposited in extra pounds. Fast food products - various cereals in bags, also need to be excluded from the evening diet. Such dishes will not satisfy you, and literally in an hour or two you will want to eat again, as they contain salt and other spices.

During the Ramadan fast, it is better to exclude sausages and sausages from the menu altogether. Sausages that have a bad effect on the liver and kidneys and satisfy hunger for only a few hours can develop thirst.

Ramadan rules

Every adult Muslim is obliged to fast in Ramadan. During fasting, everyone must adhere to the established rules - to pray a lot and confirm daily their intention to participate in this holiday in the name of Allah.

Muslims during the month of Ramadan in the daytime, in order to atone for their sins, refuse not only to eat, but also to drink, smoke and intimacy.

Ramadan is a sacred month that is meant to purify the soul and body, to rethink life in general. Therefore, Allah will not count the fulfillment of a religious duty without daily prayers (namaz).

One should abstain from this strict fast from evil thoughts and intentions, perform prayers more often, avoid defaming deeds and impious people.

Elderly and warriors, sick people, travelers, pregnant and lactating women, as well as children are exempted from fasting during the holy Ramadan. Compensation for fasting is obligatory in another, more favorable period.

What not to do in fasting

Fasting is violated in the holy month of Ramadan and requires atonement (kaaffara) for the following actions - deliberate intake of food, liquids, medicines and everything that is suitable for consumption, as well as smoking and marital intimacy.

Compensation is also required by the following circumstances that break the fast: use of an enema; the ingress of drugs into the body through the nose and ears; water entering the nasopharynx when performing ablution; deliberate induction of vomiting; the onset of menstruation or the postpartum period.

A Muslim who breaks the fast must pay a certain amount of money or food to the needy, thus making up for the fast.

Getting into an intimate relationship is one of the most serious violations. For this violation, a Muslim must either feed 60 poor people or observe 60 days of continuous strict fasting.

Night of Destiny

The last ten days of fasting are especially strict and responsible, since the most important night of the year for every Muslim - Lailat al-Qadr or the Night of Power and Predestination, falls on one of the last 10 nights of Ramadan.

According to the legend, it was at this time that the Prophet Muhammad received the first revelations from the archangel Jebrail - he went down to the praying prophet and gave him the Koran. Although, some sources indicate that the Night of Power and Predestination falls on the 27th of Ramadan

An entire surah, Inna Anzalnagu, is dedicated to this Night in the Holy Qur'an. It says that the Night of Power is better than a thousand months without it.

© photo: Sputnik / Alexander Polyakov

It is believed that the fate of each person - his life path, difficulties and trials to be passed, is predetermined in heaven precisely in Lailat al-Qadr. And if a true believer spends this night in prayer, in understanding his deeds and possible mistakes, then Allah will be merciful and forgive him sins.

Therefore, Muslims try to pray with great zeal in the holy month of Ramadan and adhere to the instructions of Allah. It is believed that Allah rewards believers a hundredfold for the good deeds performed during Ramadan, giving them prosperity, health and good luck.

Voluntary prayer

Muslims throughout Ramadan should read the Quran, devote their time to pious thoughts and actions, work and charity. In addition, one more prayer is added to the usual five prayers a day - "taraweeh".

"Taraweeh" means voluntary prayer, which is performed in the holy month of Ramadan after the night prayer (isha). "Taraweeh" is a compulsory sunnah (muakkyada sunnah) for both men and women.

Prophet Muhammad performed this prayer on the 23rd, 25th and 27th nights of the month of Ramadan together with his companions in the mosque. And so that people would not take this prayer as obligatory, the prophet did not offer it daily.

After every four rakiaats (the order of words and actions that make up a Muslim prayer), following the example of the prophet's companions, it is advisable to take a short break. At this time, it is recommended to indulge in thoughts about God, praise and remember the Almighty, or listen to a short sermon.

Feast of Conversation

The holy month of Ramadan ends with the second great holiday - Eid al Fitr or the so-called Feast of Conversation. The holiday comes after sunset on the last day of Ramadan.

Muslims at this time should indulge in reflection on spiritual values \u200b\u200band rethink life during the period of fasting. Eid al Fitr is considered a holiday of salvation from hell - a day of love, reconciliation and friendly handshakes. On a holiday, it is customary to visit the disadvantaged and take care of the elderly.

The holiday begins with the onset of the time for the evening prayer. From that time on, it is desirable for all Muslims to read "takbir" (the formula for exalting Allah). Takbir is recited before the festive prayer is performed on the day of the holiday. It is advisable to spend the night on the holiday in the all-night service to Allah.

On the holiday, the faithful put on clean clothes, scent themselves with incense, put a silver ring on their finger and, after eating a little, go early to the mosque to perform the festive prayer.

On a holiday, they pay the obligatory zakat al-fitr or "alms for breaking the fast", show joy, congratulate each other and wish the Almighty to fast, and also visit relatives, friends, neighbors and acquaintances and receive guests.

Material prepared on the basis of open sources

Among all Muslim holidays, Bayram is one of the most important. On Friday, June 15, Muslims celebrate Eid al-Adha, the holiday of breaking the fast, marking the end of the holy month of Ramadan, during which believers fast. How is Eid al-Adha in Moscow - in the RBC photo gallery

Its other name, common among believers, is Eid al-Fitr. It is celebrated for three whole days a month, in Arabic called Shawwal, timed to coincide with the end of the fast of Ramadan. That is why he is also called Ramazan Bayram. We will talk more about this holiday below.

Establishing a holiday

According to Islamic legends, the Ramadan Bayram holiday was established by the very founder of Islam - the prophet Muhammad. It happened in 624. Since then, the ummah, that is, the worldwide community of believers, annually celebrates this day, as required by their religion.

Celebration image

In Christianity, during Easter, believers greet each other with the words "Christ is risen!" A similar exclamation to Ramadan Bayram among Muslims is the phrase in Arabic "Eid Mubarak!" It is translated like this: "Blessed holiday!" The days of celebration in most of the traditionally Muslim countries are considered festive and at the state level, which means that at this time almost everyone has a weekend and no one works. The day begins with a ritual ablution. Then, be sure to visit the mosque, in which a public prayer is held with the reading of a special text - id-namaz. This is a special prayer book in Arabic dedicated to this holiday, and therefore it is read only once a year.

Features of eid namaz

This ceremony begins at dawn and continues until lunchtime. At its core, it is a form of namaz. It is best to do it in a mosque together with other believers, but if circumstances prevent this, then prayer can be performed at home alone, but also no later than the lunch adhan. In addition to prayer on this day, you need to give zakat - obligatory alms, which is one of the pillars of Islam. Moreover, this should be done before the holiday prayer begins. Ramadan Bayram should be celebrated by all Muslims, these days are not supposed to mourn, and therefore alms-zakat is most often given to the poor so that they can buy new clothes and eat well.

What do they do on holiday

Like any celebration, Bayram is a holiday where tables are laid and refreshments are served. Believers visit each other and invite them over to share a friendly meal. It is also very important to visit your parents and other relatives. If this cannot be done in person, then at least you need to send a postcard, or somehow convey your congratulations. Ramadan Bayram also demands that all the sick, the lonely and the poor should not be forgotten. Therefore, religion prescribes to pay attention to such people and take part in their lives with a gift, a visit and a treat. Children also usually receive gifts from their parents and spend their time playing and having fun. Likewise, deceased relatives are not forgotten in Bayram. The holiday assumes that believers will visit the graves of their dead and make funeral prayers for them. As for the enemies, the traditions of this day require a person to come to terms with everyone with whom he was in a quarrel, and make peace.

There is also a special tradition to pray on the night before the holiday. According to Islamic legends, prayers offered at night on the eve of Bayram have a special power - the ear of Allah is especially attentive to them, and if a person says them sincerely, then they are credited to the person. The only thing, it is recommended not to abuse vigils on a festive night, so as not to oversleep the most important prayer in the mosque in the morning.

The meaning of the holiday

In general, in Islam there are only two dates for Muslim holidays, the significance of which is so great. In addition to the Bayram described above, this is Eid-ul-Adha - a day timed to coincide with the completion of the pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca to the Kaaba. Bayram, as mentioned above, is the result of the Ramadan fast, in which every believer is prescribed to abstain from food, drink, pleasure and intimacy until sunset. This is done in order to temper willpower, free up time for spiritual exercises, do good deeds, pacify desires and extinguish your passions. Hajj and fasting are both self-directed efforts made in order to advance along the path proposed by Islam. It is the completion of successful spiritual work that is celebrated on these great holidays. At the same time, the existing moral norms require Muslims to maintain the level of perfection that was achieved during these pious exercises. That is, the end of the sacred fast of Ramadan does not mean that now you can return to all your old sins and bad habits. Quite the opposite, leaving them once, they must be left forever, and thus, the time of fasting becomes a time of inner transformation. This is necessary to arouse the pleasure of Allah and his approval.

What is Ramadan?

The Muslim calendar, which is based on the lunar year, has, as a rule, few holidays that are of great importance to all Muslims. However, such a holiday as Ramadan is given special preference.

Ramadan, aka Ramadan, is the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar. Ramadan is considered a month of strict fasting. According to Muslim custom, this month the first spiritual revelation was delivered to the Prophet Muhammad through the messenger Jibril. All this happened in 610, when Muhammad was in the Khira cave, which is located not far from Mecca, where he quite often retired for religious services. This and subsequent revelations, which were sent to the prophet, made up the sacred book of Islam, referred to as the Koran.

Fasting in the month of Ramadan is one of the main obligations for all Muslims. It is prescribed in order to increase the awareness and appreciation of Muslims' own actions and the exact execution of the orders of Allah. During the whole day it is strictly forbidden to eat, drink, indulge in various amusements and taste pleasures. In the daytime, Muslims necessarily devote to prayers, reading the Koran, charity, work, as well as religious thoughts and actions. In addition to the standard 5 prayers, every day, with the coming of night, an additional prayer-namaz is read, which is called taraweeh. Typically, taraweeh is recited after the fifth prayer. In the last decade of the month of Ramadan, a more active righteous life is being led, including the commemoration of the night when the Prophet Muhammad received his first revelation. In this month, you can drink and eat food only after sunset and until the time when it rises. Only children, sick people, and also soldiers who take part in hostilities are exempted from the post, but nevertheless the unfulfilled post must necessarily be compensated for at a different time. According to the mullah's statement, during Ramadan, Allah bestows a reward on a godly person for every mercy he has done.

The end of fasting and the holiday of Ramadan is the second most important among all Muslim holidays - Eid al-Fitr, which is considered the holiday of breaking the fast. It begins to celebrate with the arrival of sunset on the last day of Ramadan and is celebrated on the 1st and 2nd of the coming month of Shawwal after Ramadan. At this time, all Muslims should think about the spiritual values \u200b\u200bthat they acquired during the celebration of Ramadan. Muslims consider this holiday a day of salvation, forgiveness, reward and reconciliation.

The celebration begins with a special prayer in the mosque. After the end of the prayer, the Islamic priest asks Allah to accept the fast and forgiveness. After all this, the believers, fiddling with tasbih beads, with the whole crowd begin to read dhikr - these are the words of the ritual remembrance of Allah. Dhikr is carried out according to a special formula and in a certain way, either aloud or silently, accompanying all this with certain body movements.

After namaz, a festive table is laid in the mosque and alms are given to the poor. Saadaka is charged per adult on the day of the end of fasting during Ramadan. It is collected only from the possessing Muslims. It is listed as a voluntary donation.

In almost all Muslim countries, during the days of Eid al-Fitr, it is supposed to visit the graves of deceased relatives. On the second day of Eid al-Fitr, the fast of the month of Shawwal begins, which lasts 6 days.

Ramadan month 2018: essence of fasting, schedule, calendar, what is prohibited in Ramadan

There are many significant dates in every faith. In Catholicism, some are celebrated, in Orthodoxy - others.

In Islam, there are also special dates when believers abstain from all human passions and cleanse their souls and bodies from earthly defilements, a share of eternal bliss. In this article, we will take a closer look at how to fast in Ramadan and what prohibitions fasting imposes on believers.

When is the month of Ramadan in 2018, from what date does Uraza begin?

Muslims are no different from other believers: solemn events for them take place in an atmosphere of joy, holiness, when hunger and thirst are met with satisfaction, and the fate of the poor is fully realized.

A month is spent observing fasting and reading prayers on memorial days. Like other believers, Muslims have certain prohibitions on human passions that are imposed by fasting.

What kind of holiday is this - Ramadan?

• The holy month of Ramadan is considered the most honorable for believers. Faith in Allah is attached to it. A full fast will be when a person is cleansed of sins by his behavior and receives the pleasure of Allah.
• It is considered impermissible to waste time during the Sacred Month. Indeed, it is on these days that Muslims can be rewarded for good deeds committed. The wisdom is not to break the rules of the fast assigned by Allah to believers.
• During Ramadan, the improvement of the good qualities of believers who fast takes place. Quarrels and quarrels stop, the hearts of friends are united, and a sense of responsibility and compassion for the poor is instilled.

Great Lent begins on Ramadan. And all believers are required to adhere to it.

• As for the Orthodox, the date of the Easter holidays changes every year, so for the Muslims, the onset of the month of Ramadan is calculated by the phases of the lunar calendar and the difference from previous years can be within 10-11 calendar days. Therefore, the date of the onset of the sacred period for Muslims changes every year.

• In 2018, Ramadan comes in May, namely 16 numbers. The end of the Ramadan fast falls on June 14. June 15 - Uraza Bayram.

• The sacred period for Muslims has long originated in the warm season, as it always falls in the summer months.

Literally translated, Ramadan means "sultry", "hot". However, not all believers perceive the holiday in this way. For most, literal translation does not mean the summer season, but following the strictest rules that must be followed.

Historical reference

• How is the exact date of Ramadan determined? Each year, the date of the onset of the Holy Period for Muslims is indicated in the teachings of theologians. They also determine the day of Ramadan, based on the Moon phases.
• The onset of the 9th month of the calendar is the onset of the holy period of the Muslim faith. By the way the night star is located, the date of the holiday is determined.
• The mission of the prophet was indicated in the "frank words" received that day by Muhammad. At the same time, Muslim believers acquired the Koran, presented by Allah.
• According to the ancient legend, on the day when the Sacred period begins, Allah becomes open to resolve the fate of believers in a favorable way and fulfills their forgiveness.

Uraza Bayram in 2018

Those who profess Islam are often interested in the question of the onset of the fast of Eid al-Adha. After all, it also does not have a fixed date. Traditionally, fasting occurs in the ninth month of the Muslim calendar.

• Since the post Ramadan in 2018 begins 16th of May, and the sacred period ends at night June 14 (exactly 30 days), then Eid al Adha falls on June 15th.
• Fasting during one of the largest holidays in Islam, Eid al-Adha is very strict.
• The great holiday of breaking the fast Eid al Adhabegins immediately after the end of the post. At this time, all believers are allowed to eat everything that they could not afford during the fast.
• Believers are preparing for the holiday a month before its onset, and they expect it all year. After Lent, which lasts throughout the month, the day of breaking the fast comes.
• All adult Muslims are obliged to adhere to the rules of the Uraz fast. Children, the sick, the insane may not fast.
• For the whole month, believers have the right to eat only after dark. Only under this condition is the spiritual cleansing of the faithful.
• Fasting takes place in the muffling of all one's passions and desires. Time should be spent in hours of prayer.
• There is an equalization of the poor with the rich, which cleans from committed sins, among which gluttony takes the first place.

As night falls, believers can break the fast. Only the use of food should be carried out at the same table with friends and acquaintances, and not exclusively in the family circle or alone.

• It is also good to call the poor to break the fast, because helping the suffering means doing what Allah wants.
• After finishing their meal, the believers go to the mosque to pray and read the Koran.
• During prayer, the faithful ask for good for all people and forgiveness for their sins.
• After the appearance of a new moon, the fast ends. The Muslim holiday begins. They read morning prayers.
• There are many believers in mosques at this time. Not everyone gets inside the mosque and makes prayers next to it.
• On such a joyous day, worshipers feel like one family. The poor receive gifts, because each family prepares help for them in advance and presents them during the celebration.

Traditionally, parents are visited on such a day. Further meals are served with them.

When is fasting for Muslims Ramadan in 2018, and its schedule?

Muslim fasting begins on May 16, 2018 and lasts 30 days. The fast ends on June 14, 2018 at night and on June 15, Uraza-Bayram begins.

Schedule for the time of fasting

• Eating should be completed 20 minutes before the FADJR time.
• You can start eating during MAGRIB.

Schedule of Suhurs and Iftar in Ramadan fasting 2018 (for Moscow)

Schedule of suhurs and iftars during Ramadan fasting 2018 (for Kazan)

What is prohibited in Ramadan?

It is forbidden to do several things during the fast. It should be borne in mind that it will be considered a violation of the fast if they are committed during the light period of the day. This is about:

Unspoken desire to fast;
Intentionally eating and drinking
Smoking;
Sexual intercourse (it does not matter whether there was the fact of ejaculation or not), masturbation and ejaculation caused by stimulation;
Rectal and vaginal medication use;
Swallowing liquid that has entered the mouth.
What is allowed in Ramadan month
At the same time, the law is not prohibited from engaging in:

Unintentional eating and drinking;
The introduction of the drug through the injections;
Donate blood;
Swim, but only if water does not enter the mouth;
Kissing if the partner's saliva is not swallowed;
Enjoy fondling that does not cause ejaculation;
Swallow saliva and phlegm that does not belong to another person;
Brush your teeth, but with the proviso that the paste does not penetrate into the throat;
Do not perform namaz.
Persons exempt from fasting
Those who are not Muslims have the right not to follow the rules. Also children under the age of majority and people with mental disorders. Ramadan may not be observed by old people and people who suffer from serious diseases that do not allow them to cope with fasting. To atone for this, they must feed the poor. Pregnant women can also not fast if they are worried about their own or the health of the baby. They should follow Ramadan after the cause of concern is gone. As mentioned earlier, travelers can break their fast in any physical condition or complexity of the chosen route. In case a person does not observe Ramadan, then he should not show eating or smoking to other Muslims. Also, in countries with a predominantly Muslim population, it is prohibited to eat, smoke or use gum during Ramadan.

Mandatory requirements
It is very important for those who are fasting to communicate their intention. The intention must be pronounced with the heart. For this, you can use any language that fasting people can understand. If we translate this phrase into Russian, then it should look something like this - "I intend tomorrow (today) to fast the month of Ramadan, for the sake of Allah." You need to pronounce this phrase every day throughout the month. The phrase is repeated between night and morning prayers. An intention that was uttered once a month for all subsequent days is not considered valid in any Sunni madhhab. The only exception is the Maliki madhhab.

What to do in case of breaking the fast

If the fast is broken, and there is no valid reason for this, then this offense will be attributed to sins. In the event of an unintentional violation of the fast due to a serious illness, a Muslim should perform the missed fast for 1 day of fasting. It is also fashionable to pay the poor man certain funds, which are equal to 1 sa of wheat. Other products purchased for an equivalent amount may be used. If the fast was missed for another good reason, then the faithful must observe it at any convenient time before the time of the next Ramadan comes. Sexual intercourse, which was committed during the daylight period, must be ameliorated by 60 days of constant fasting or by feeding 60 poor people. If fasting is not observed for a reason stipulated in the Shariah, it is necessary to engage in repentance.

Good deeds
Based on the hadiths and the Qur'an, it is considered very important for Muslims to do good deeds during this period. If you follow the words of the prophet, Allah can increase the value of each such deed by seven hundred times, and the shaitan during this period will be in chains, so doing good during this period will be easier than at other times of the year. Devout Muslims should spend more time studying the Quran this month. They should not forget about charity, as well as do other positive deeds.

Breakfast (Suhoor) at sunrise
Suhoor is a breakfast that is taken at dawn throughout Ramadan. Food should be taken before the morning prayer is recited. Sukhur and Iftar make it possible to replace the usual food in this month for all believers. Muslims should perform suhoor before the first signs of dawn. In this case, the reward for the faithful will be much greater. If the fasting person is not satisfied before dawn, then his fast will be maintained, but he will be deprived of a certain part of the reward, since he will not fulfill one of the requirements of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad.

Evening meal (Iftar)

Iftar is breaking the fast or eating in the evening every day throughout Ramadan. There is to eat after the evening prayer. Iftar can only be started at sunset. Do not postpone this meal until later in the evening. To break the fast according to the Sunnah, you should use dates or water. When the Iftar is completed, a special prayer called dua must be said. It can sound something like this: “O Lord, for the sake of your pleasure with me, I fasted, believed in you, relied on you and broke the fast using your gifts. Forgive me, O One, Whose mercy is unlimited. Praise be to the Almighty, Who helped me to fast and fed me when I broke my fast. "

Taraweeh in Ramadan month

Taraweeh can be translated as respite. This name is given to a special voluntary prayer that should be performed after the night prayer. It continues until the sun appears at dawn. Taraweeh can be done alone or in a team. Prayer got this name because after every fourth rak'ah, worshipers get the opportunity to rest while sitting, bringing praise to the Lord.

During the life of the prophet, taraweeh consisted of 8-20 rak'ahs. Modern prayer includes 20 rak'ahs. It was approved by the Caliph Umar, to which the Sahaba agreed. Today prayer is represented by 10 prayers, each of which consists of two rak'ahs. It should be done daily throughout Ramadan. Prayer should be started after the end of the night prayer.

End of Ramadan

During the last ten days of Ramadan, Muslims should be especially diligent in their prayers. During this period, it is best to visit mosques, as did the Prophet Muhammad, who retired in a mosque for the entire period. In the last year of his life, he spent 20 days in the mosque during the month of Ramadan. During seclusion, do not forget about the need to state your intentions. They need to mention that you have decided to do your itikafe retreat. After the faithful leaves the mosque, you need to return to the usual form of intentions. Al-Qadr night should be expected during this period.

Night of al-Qadr in 2018

This night is also called the Night of Power. It is generally accepted that exactly the 27th night of this month coincides with the period when Surah Inna Anzalnagu was revealed to Muhammad.

This happened in the seventh century in the cave of the Jabal al-Nur mountain. It was at this time, as confirmed by Islamic sources, that the praying Muhammad met with the Archangel Jabrail, who pointed to the scroll to the prophet and ordered him to read it. Muslims celebrate this night at the end of Ramadan. It is on the Night of Power that the faithful get the opportunity to ask the Creator for forgiveness for their own sins. Also, this period should be devoted to reading the Quran.

The holiday of breaking the fast Uraza-bairam

At the end of Ramadan, a holiday of breaking the fast is held, which is called Eid al Fitr or Eid al-Fitr in Turkic. During this period, Muslims can perform a special prayer, as well as pay alms. Zakat al-fitr is a charity that should be paid to the poor. This deed is obligatory for all believers. The head of the family must pay a certain amount of money for the entire family he is taking care of. If the child was born on the night of the last day of Ramadan, then there is no need to pay alms for him.

Paying alms
Zakat al-fitr can be paid in the mosque to the person who is authorized to receive it. You can also distribute food directly to those who need it. Alms is equal to one caa of free-flowing substances. For example, in European countries it is customary to pay alms in the equivalent of wheat or barley, in Asia, rice is used for this, and in the countries of the Middle East, dates. It is best to pay Zakat al-Fitr in food, as was customary at the time of the prophet. Alms can be paid in money only in the Hanafi madhhab. This obligatory charity allows you to atone (kafarrah) all kinds of mistakes that were made during Ramadan. It is also designed to provide help for the poor and those who need funds to celebrate Eid al-Adha.

Congratulations to Ramadan

Fasting continues to be the most joyous holiday for the faithful on the entire planet. Muslims can congratulate their friends and loved ones on his arrival thanks to the words of Ramazani Karim, which are the wishes of the generous Ramadan. Traditionally, at this time, you can wish Muslims - "May Allah please your eyes in Ramadan with sweet evenings and the friendship of the elect, the grace of the All-Forgiving and the paradise of the pious!"

Uraza calendar 2018: the holiday of breaking the fast, which marks the end of fasting in the holy month of Ramadan

Each nation has its own faith, and although significant holy holidays are also not very different from each other, they always fall on different days, for example, in 2018, Ramadan (or Uraza) begins at dawn on June 15 and ends after sunset on June 16.

Uraza is a mandatory observance of saum (fasting) for Muslims for 30 calendar days, which consists of five pillars (foundations) of Islam. During these 30 days, Muslim believers must give up drinking, intimacy, smoking and even eating. The beginning of the saum comes with the morning adhan and ends after the evening adhan thirty days later.

Before starting the saum, Muslims read the niyat: "Today I will perform the saum of the month of Uraza, for the sake of Allah." Before the morning adhan, believers must finish eating (they call it suhoor) and immediately break their fast, they are allowed to take milk, dates and water for Iftar.

Every night, believers perform the isha ritual (prayer for the night), after which there is a collective taraweeh prayer, which consists of 8 to 20 rak'ahs. The mighty night of al-Qadar comes ten days before the end of the saum.

Eid al-Adha is celebrated on the first day of Shawval, which occurs at the end of Ramadan. For Muslims, eid namaz (holiday prayer) is performed and zakat al-fitr (alms) is necessarily paid.

Uraza calendar 2018: Uraza - time of fun and joy

Eid al-Adha is the second most important holiday in the Islamic calendar after Eid al-Adha. On the eve of the holiday, Muslims buy gifts for each other, prepare food, and decorate their homes.

Four days before the holiday, women carry out general cleaning of the house, courtyard premises, sheds, clean cattle. After finishing cleaning, all family members should bathe, put on clean linen and put themselves in order.

In the evening, the hostesses prepare traditional oriental dishes. Children deliver them to relatives, there is a mutual exchange of treats.

You cannot work in Eid al-Adha, so in most Islamic countries this day is a day off. In Russia, they will also rest in the republics of the North Caucasus, Bashkortostan and Tatarstan.

On the holiday itself, it is customary to get up early and put on festive clothes. Muslims greet each other in a special way: "May Allah grant His mercy to you and to us!", "May Allah accept our and your prayers!"

An hour before sunrise in mosques, after the sermon, a festive prayer is read - gayet-namaz. Mostly only men are present at prayer. At this time, women prepare treats at home.

After the arrival of the men from the mosque, the hostesses set the table. In every house, guests are expected to arrive, they themselves visit neighbors, relatives and bring them sweets.

Before the start of the holiday, alms (fitr-sadaqa) is obligatory - distribution of property and money to those in need on a holiday. This year its minimum size is 50 rubles.

In addition, on the holiday of Eid al-Adha, it is customary to visit parents, do good deeds, give gifts, visit cemeteries and commemorate deceased relatives.

Uraza calendar 2018: These days, giving alms is not just a possible solution for a Muslim, but a mandatory action

the holiday of Eid al-Adha, sacred for all Muslims, in 2017 will begin on June 25 and will last until June 28. This date can be found using the lunar calendar, which is related to the Islamic calendar.

Now we need to find the month of Shawwal, which immediately follows Ramadan. This is the end of the search, because the holiday of Eid al-Adha falls on the first three days of the month of Shaval. There are many less well-known, but important rules. For example, it is important to take food with your right hand.

If you use a cutlery, it should also be in your right hand. It is very important to show special attention and hospitality to guests, even if they are your old friends: you need to keep the best food, choose the best places for your guests and make them feel at home, without hinting that they are still guests.

What is customary to prepare for the festive table?

The main product from which most of the holiday dishes on Eid al-Adha is prepared is mutton. They make rich soups, roasts, snacks, meat salads from it.

The festive table depends on folk traditions. If in Tatarstan pancakes are baked in the morning, pies are put on the table, then in the Central Asian republics pilaf is an integral attribute.

In Saudi Arabia in the morning they eat sweets and dates, fruits. At noon, you need to eat a lot so that the table is not empty next year.

In Kyrgyzstan, the holiday is called Orozo Ait. The believer must visit seven houses, taste the dishes prepared and read prayers.

In Turkey, they also enjoy sweets at Sheker Bayrami. The youngest relatives are obliged to visit the oldest.