namazvdom & nbsp | & nbsp 08/31/2017
With the name of Allah the Merciful and the Most Merciful! Peace and blessings to the Prophet Muhammad. And then:
Eid al-Adha should be performed only during three holidays, or rather on the 10th, 11th and 12th of the month of Zul-Hijja. Only on these days is the sacrifice considered an act of worship that cannot be performed on other days of the year.
Although Kurban is allowed during the three days listed, it is preferable to do it on the 10th of the month of Zul-Hijja in the daytime. It is important to know that you cannot make a sacrifice before the holiday prayer itself.
There is no alternative for Kurban
Some people mistakenly believe that instead of sacrificing an animal, they can give out the value of that animal in the form of alms. This is a wrong opinion. In fact, there are different kinds of obligatory worship for Muslims. Each of them has its own meaning, and one cannot replace the other. A Muslim should not pray instead of fasting in Ramadan, just as he should not give alms instead of performing the obligatory prayer. The same goes for Qurban - it is a separate form of worship that cannot be replaced by the distribution of alms.
Animals for Kurban
As Kurban, it is allowed to kill the following animals:
1. A goat or goat at least one year old.
2. A ram or sheep at least six months old.
3. A bull or cow at least two years old.
4. Camel or female camel at least five years old.
One goat / goat or ram / sheep is Kurban for one person. But the rest of the animals (cow, bull, camel / camel) are seven Qurbans in one, which allows people to sacrifice in a group of seven people.
If the seller of the animal claims that the animal has reached the required age, and there is no evidence to the contrary, you can trust the seller's words, and the sacrifice of such an animal will be valid.
Sacrifice according to the sunnah
It is better for a Muslim to stab an animal for Qurban with his own hands. Nevertheless, if he does not have the opportunity to stab the animal himself or he does not want to do it himself for some reason, he can instruct another person to stab the animal on his own behalf. In this case, it is desirable at least to be present at the sacrifice. If a person instructs someone to slaughter an animal on his own behalf, the qurban will be valid even if the person was not present when it was performed. It is Sunnah to put the animal facing the Qiblah and read the following verse of the Holy Quran:
“I turned my face to Allah the One, with all my soul I surrendered to Him - the Creator of heaven and earth - and deviated from every path except His direct path. I am not one of those who associate Him with companions. "
But the most important thing to say when slaughtering an animal is the words:
"Bismillah, Allahu Akbar".
(With the name of Allah, Allah is above all)
If a person deliberately did not utter these words, his qurban is invalid, moreover, the meat of an animal slaughtered in this way is haram, that is, it is forbidden to eat it. But, if a person did not utter these words out of forgetfulness, and not intentionally, his mistake is forgiven - both the Qurbani and the slaughter of an animal according to Sharia are valid.
If a person cannot pronounce "Bismillah, Allahu Akbar" in Arabic, he can pronounce the name of Allah in his own language, for example: "With the name of Allah."
How do you divide the meat?
If an animal is slaughtered by several people, as in the case of a cow or a camel, its meat must be divided into equal parts by weighing, and not just by eye. Even if all participants agree to divide the meat without weighing, it is still forbidden according to Sharia.
However, if for some reason it is not possible to weigh the meat and all participants agree to divide the meat without weighing, it is allowed to divide the meat by eye, provided that each part will contain either an animal's leg or some part of its liver. ...
Despite the fact that the person who performed the Qurbani is allowed to keep all the meat for himself, it is better to give one third to poor people, one third to relatives, and keep the rest for himself.
It is allowed to use all the parts of the animal slaughtered as Kurban for their own needs, but you cannot sell any of them or give the butcher as payment for his work. If a person has sold a part of the meat or the skin / skin of an animal, he must give the money received from this as alms to a person who is among those to whom zakat is paid.
Takbirs of a festive day!
From the time of Fajr on the 9th of the month of Dhu'l-Hijjah until the time of the prayer of Asr on the 13th, every Muslim must recite the takbir tashriq after each obligatory prayer.
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, La ilaha illaAllahu, waAllahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar wa lillahil-hamd.
According to reliable Islamic sources, every Muslim man is obliged to recite this takbir after every obligatory prayer. For women, reciting this takbir is desirable, but not necessary. In this case, it does not matter whether a person performs prayers in a jamaat or alone. You must read the takbir. Men are loud and women are quiet.
HOLIDAY DAY
On the day of Eid ul-Adha, the following actions are Sunnah:
1. Get up early in the morning.
2. Perform complete ablution.
3. Wear the best clothing available.
4. Dress yourself with incense.
5. Do not eat before Eid Prayer.
6. Read the takbir tashrik on the way to the Eid prayer.
HOW IS NAMAZ DONE
The Eid Prayer consists of two rak'ahs with an additional six takbirs - three additional takbirs are performed at the beginning of the first rak'ah, and three more - in front of the hand (bow) in the second rak'ah.
Important (!)
Dear brothers and sisters, on the holiday of Eid al-Adha, namaz is performed first, followed by a sermon (khutba).
Both namaz and khutbah are one worship, therefore we warn you against the mistake of leaving the mosque immediately after performing namaz.
Other frequently asked questions on this topic I have collected for you on this link
A picture with takbirs and congratulations is on our site telegram channel
Holiday stickers
This holiday and the sacrifice performed during it, as well as the obligatory tax-zakat, and holiday prayers, became part of the religious practice of Muslims in the 2nd year of AH.
Verses from the Koran about Eid al-Adha:
“Allah (God, Lord) made the Kaaba, the Sacred House, a support for people [support in the acquisition of earthly and eternal goods]. And also the sacred months [Zul-ka'da, Zul-hijja, al-Muharram and Rajab], and the sacrificial animal [whose meat is distributed to the poor and the poor during the pilgrimage], and the decorations [with which people marked these animals to distinguish them from the usual]. [The Lord has laid the good in all of this.] This is so that you understand: God knows everything that is in heaven and everything that is on earth. He knows about all things "();
“We [says the Lord of the Worlds] have made a sacrificial animal (a camel and a camel) [as well as a bull and a cow, each of which is slaughtered from seven people, unlike rams and sheep, which are only from one] rite, it is good for you [mundane and eternal]. Mention the name of God over him [at the slaughter]. [If you carry out this process on camels] leave them standing on their feet [preferably on three legs]. And when [after the release of the main part of the blood] they fall [when it is obvious that the animal has given up its soul, you can start butchering the carcass], and with the meat obtained, both feed yourself and feed the poor who will not ask [being content with the little available], as well as the one asking ... Understand, We have subjugated them [livestock, and all animals] to serve you [for example, the same camels, despite their strength and power, are humble during the fatal process for them], be grateful [for this to the Creator who laid down certain laws and patterns in nature] ”();
"Pray to your Lord [making the Eid prayer] and sacrifice [the animal]" ().
Some hadiths about Kurban Bayram:
“The best deed before the Almighty on the days of the feast of sacrifice is the letting of the blood of the sacrificial animal. Indeed, this animal will come with its horns, hooves and hair on the Day of Judgment [a living witness of the perfect ceremony]. And his blood will be magnified before the Lord, even before its drops have time to fall to the ground. Let your souls be calm ”;
“The messenger of the Lord sacrificed two horned rams. With his feet he rested them on the side. Saying "bismill-lyakhi, allahu akbar", he sacrificed them with his own hand. "
Exaltation of the Almighty during the holidays
During the holiday of Eid al-Adha, it is desirable (sunnah) to exalt and praise the Almighty throughout all four holidays after each obligatory prayer, especially if the believers perform the next obligatory prayer together.
“Mention Allah (God, Lord) on certain (fixed) days [on the days of the holiday of Eid al-Adha: 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th of the month of Zul-Hijja. Pay special attention to this deed (praising the Creator after the obligatory namaz prayers, and not only) ”(see).
The first prayer, after which the takbirs are recited, is the morning prayer (Fajr) on the ninth day of the month of Zul-hijja, that is, and so on until the twenty-third prayer, that is, the afternoon (‘Asr) prayer of the fourth feast day. Exaltation of the Lord before the festive prayer (on the way to the mosque or while waiting for prayer already in the mosque) is desirable both on the holiday of Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Adha. The most common form of praise is:
Transliteration:
"Allahu akbar, allahu akbar, llyahe illal-lah, wal-lahu akbar, allahu akbar, wa lil-lahil-hamd."
اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ . اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ . لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ .و اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ . اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ . وَ لِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ.
Transfer:
“Allah (God, Lord) is above all, Allah is above all; there is no god but Him. Allah is above all, Allah is above all, and only Him is true praise. "
Answers to questions about Eid al-Adha
How is this holiday celebrated?
This day is usually a day off. People try to invite guests and visit loved ones and relatives.
By the way, the word "kurban" in the Muslim tradition (as well as in the Jewish one) refers to everything that brings a person closer to God. On this holiday, this is a ritual slaughter of an animal, implying a spiritual appeal to the Creator.
What is this tradition connected with?
It is directly related to the event that happened with the prophet Abraham. By Divine Revelation, he was ordered to sacrifice his son Ishmael (Ishmael), who was born to Abraham at a ripe old age (at 86) and was a miracle by earthly standards: children are usually not born to such elderly parents. Despite all his love for the child, his holiness and the long-awaited support in old age from him, Abraham, having discussed God's command with his son, who obediently agreed with him, came to the appointed place. When everything was ready, a voice rang out: “Truly, this is an obvious test! [You have successfully overcome it] ”. The sacrifice of the son was replaced by the sacrificial animal, and Abraham was granted the successful birth of his second son, Ishak (Isaac).
What is the humanistic meaning?
By this, the Almighty showed: to become closer to God, human sacrifice is not required. And the animal world is in submissive service to people, which implies its use for its intended purpose, and guardianship, and environmental protection.
What rituals need to be performed?
Slaughter one lamb from one family (from one family budget). Time: immediately after the holiday prayer and before sunset on the third day (according to the Shafi'i theologians, on the fourth day). The first day is the best.
How many days does this holiday last?
Four days.
What is the believer's duty on this holiday?
In finding in your essence (spacious, sometimes dark and impenetrable) a treasure called "piety", which means avoiding the obviously forbidden (alcohol, adultery; lies, slander) and fulfilling the obligatory to the best of your strength and capabilities (constancy in the good , helping the weak; prayer, fasting, zakat). This treasure, if we find it in ourselves, will seriously enrich us, help us to live harmoniously and happily, especially in times of upheaval and adversity.
The Quran says:
“[Understand!] Neither the meat of the sacrificial animal, nor his blood will ever reach Allah (God), but the piety emanating from you reaches Him [and therefore the state of mind, the attitude, is important, and not the meat that you yourself and eat]. Likewise [as you can see it with your own eyes] it [an animal intended to be slaughtered] is subordinate to you [calmly and humbly in front of what is happening, and as usual is a source of meat and skin for you]. And this [including] so that you [sometimes paused in your endless worries or activating during periods of indifference, laziness and idleness, look around, breathe deeply] and magnify the Creator for the correct path along which He provided you with the opportunity go.
[In this fleeting stream of life, steadily bringing you closer to death] please noble [who is such in his deeds and actions. Good news to them about the happiness of the worldly and paradise abode in eternity] ”().
The day before the holiday is also remarkable. What is the best thing to do on this day?
The pre-holiday day is the day of standing on Mount Arafat. It is useful for everyone except pilgrims to fast, because the reward for fasting on this day is so great that it neutralizes minor sins of two years.
At what time is the Eid Prayer performed?
It takes place approximately 40 minutes after sunrise.
What is the level of obligation to sacrifice an animal?
Most of the authoritative Muslim scholars, including the Hanafi theologians (Abu Yusuf and Muhammad) and the Shafi'i theologians, said that sacrificing an animal during the holiday of sacrifice is desirable (Sunna Mu'akqada). Abu Hanifa, Zufar and al-Hasan from among the scholars of the Hanafi madhhab declared that it was obligatory (wajib).
The Hanafi theologians mean the material condition of a person who is subject to the requirement to pay zakat by the availability of the necessary material means. The Shafi'i theologians believe that whoever has funds for himself and his family for four festive days, and in addition to this, he has the amount for which he can purchase a sacrificial animal, he acquires it and sacrifices it.
What should be the intention?
Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him), when he sacrificed a ram with the name of the Creator on his lips, praising Him, with the intention of approaching (kurba) to God, said: “O Allah! This is from Muhammad and his family. "
Is it necessary to perform the sacrifice yourself? Can I ask someone else about this?
It is advisable (sunnah) to do it yourself: to speak the intention, say "bismil-lyah, allahu akbar" and cut the main arteries. With a complete lack of skill and fear, the believer can ask another for this, but on the condition that he himself was present during the sacrifice. Prophet Muhammad, when he sacrificed a ram on behalf of his daughter Fatima, asked her to be present during the ceremony: “Wait and look at your sacrificial animal. Truly, all your sins will be forgiven you with the fall of the first drop of his blood. " In the case when there is no possibility to be present, the person pronounces the intention, conveys the cost of the sacrificial animal and asks to be sacrificed on his behalf.
If the sacrifice is a woman, then it is desirable (sunnah) for her to ask one of the men to sacrifice an animal on her behalf.
What should be the sacrificial animal?
The opinion of theologians is unanimous that sacrificial animals can be camels, buffaloes, bulls or cows, as well as rams, sheep and goats. Age: camels - five years or more; buffaloes, bulls and cows - two years or more; rams, sheep and goats aged one year and older.
Defects, the presence of which makes it unacceptable to sacrifice an animal: blindness in one eye or both; excessive thinness; lameness, in which the animal cannot independently reach the place of sacrifice; the absence of most of the eye, ear, or tail; lack of teeth.
Defects, the presence of which is permissible: the horns are missing from birth or partially broken; castration.
We know that one cow can be sacrificed by seven people or families. Is it possible to consider the deceased as one of these seven? If so, would he benefit from it?
Hanafi theologians talk about the permissibility of this. If the sacrifice is made by the children of the deceased, the likelihood of benefit for him is maximum. If this is done by friends or relatives of the deceased, who consider him the seventh, then it is also possible that a reward will be credited in his favor in eternity. Shafi'i theologians consider it impossible to make a sacrifice on behalf of the deceased, except when he asked for it in his will.
Answering the question regarding the possibility of distribution cost a sacrificial animal as alms without direct sacrifice, one of the modern theologians notes: “The distribution of value is not welcome, since replacing the sacrifice with the payment of the cost of the sacrificial animal can lead to the loss and consignment to oblivion of one of the Sunnah (desirable actions), which has been observed since the times the prophet Abraham himself. However, if the sacrifice is performed on behalf of the deceasedoh, so that the reward is credited to him, and this happens where a large number of people make the sacrifice, then the distribution of the cost of the sacrificial animal to the poor and the needy is permissible. "
Are there any time limits for the sacrifice ceremony?
The time for its fulfillment begins immediately after the end of the holiday prayer, and it ends shortly before sunset on the third day. The first day is the best. This ritual is possible at any time of the day. If a believer sacrifices an animal before the earliest holiday prayer ends in one of the city's mosques, then it is not counted as a sacrificial one, but equates to an ordinary animal slaughtered for meat. In a city or village where there is no mosque and holiday prayer is not performed, the time of sacrifice begins with the appearance of dawn.
Should the Eid prayer and the sacrifice be repeated if in some locality they made a mistake with the definition of the day and did everything necessary a day earlier than it was supposed to?
Repeated prayers and sacrifices should not be performed.
Can a person make a sacrifice later if he did not have time to do it on the appointed days?
If the believer did not have time to acquire a ram and make a sacrifice on the days allotted for this, while he had the necessary material resources, then he no longer performs the sacrifice, but he will be able to distribute funds equal to the cost of the animal to the poor and the poor, if he wants to receive the Lord's reward (sawab ) from this godly act.
I heard that those who are going to sacrifice a ram should not cut their nails and hair, is that so?
For a person who is going to make a sacrifice on the days of the holiday, it is advisable (sunnah) not to have his hair cut or cut his nails during the first ten days of the month of Zul Hijja and before the sacrifice ritual. This is due to the drawing of a certain parallel with the believers who make a pilgrimage these days to the sacred places of Mecca and Medina and also do not cut their nails and hair.
Prophet Muhammad (may the Creator bless him and welcome) said: "If the month of Zul-hijja has begun and one of you is going to make a sacrifice, let him not cut your nails and hair." Cutting hair and nails at this time is considered an unwanted action (makrooh).
But, if this creates certain inconveniences for a person, for example, due to the nature of his activity, then he, undoubtedly, can confidently shave and cut his hair. Canonically, undesirability is canceled even if the need is insignificant.
Is it enough from a family to sacrifice one ram?
Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) addressed the believers: “O people! One family needs to sacrifice one ram once a year. " It is also narrated that 'Ata ibn Yasar asked the companion of the Prophet Muhammad Abu Ayyub al-Ansari about how exactly during the time of the Messenger the sacrifice was performed on the holiday of Eid al-Adha, to which he replied: Eid al-Adha] from yourself and your home (your family) of one ram. They ate the meat themselves and treated others to it. This continued until people started to brag to each other and came to what you can observe today. " There are some opinions that can sacrifice one ram from each family member, however, slaughtering one ram from one financially capable family once a year is considered sufficient. And this is done on one of the days of the holiday of sacrifice (‘Idul-adha, Eid al-Adha).
The well-known muhaddis ash-Shavkiani said in this regard: "The essence and truth in this matter is the sufficiency of one ram per family, indicated in the Sunnah, even if it consists of a hundred people or more."
If a believer made a vow before God to sacrifice a certain cow or a certain ram on the days of the feast of sacrifice, but the animal died before the due date, is the owner of the dead animal considered a debtor to the Lord?
If the animal has died a natural death, then its owner owes nothing. If he himself sold it or slaughtered it for meat, then he is obliged to fulfill his vow before God by buying an animal of the same value and sacrificing it on one of the days of the feast of sacrifice.
What to do with the skin of the sacrificial animal?
What to do with the skin of a sacrificial animal in Moscow? Can we just leave her in the slaughterhouse? Magomed.
It is prohibited to sell the skin of a sacrificial animal. The Prophet Muhammad (may the Most High bless him and greet him) warned: "Whoever sells the skin of a sacrificial animal, it [the sacrificial animal] is not counted [as a sacrificial one]." The skin can be given to someone, donated, for example to the poor, you can leave it for personal use or exchange it for another thing. If the skin is still sold, then the proceeds must be distributed as alms.
It is not allowed to pay off the butcher with the skin of the sacrificial animal. Imam ‘Ali said:“ The Prophet Muhammad ordered me to distribute the meat and skin of the sacrificial animal as alms. And he ordered not to give the butcher [who sacrificed it] any part of the animal [as payment]. "
As for the conditions of Moscow or any other city of the Russian Federation or the CIS, you can leave the skin in the slaughterhouse, without claiming a discount because of it, but transferring it free of charge.
Does the sacrificial rite violate the detection of pregnancy of the sacrificial animal. What to do with the embryo?
The rite of sacrifice is not violated. The main arteries are also cut into the embryo, but they are not eaten, but buried.
How long should the meat of the sacrificial animal be used?
Initially, the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) ordered to consume and distribute all the meat in three days, that is, not to leave it for long-term storage. However, later this instruction he canceled: "I was ordered to eat meat within three days, but now you can eat it as you wish."
How many parts is the meat of the sacrificial animal divided into?
The meat of the sacrificial animal is divided into three parts: one - to the poor, the second - for distribution to neighbors or treats to relatives and friends, and the third remains at home for subsequent consumption. It is desirable that the amount distributed to the poor and the poor should be at least one third of the total. Selling the meat of a sacrificial animal is strictly prohibited. If a person desires, then he can distribute everything, except for an insignificant part, which he will leave for himself and his family as “tabarruk” (petition for blessings from the Almighty).
Is it possible to raise rams specifically to sell them on the holiday of sacrifice?
The production and trade of what is allowed (halal) is encouraged in Islam and is one of the main forms of income.
In our family, each member makes a certain significant contribution to the general family budget, although still half of the costs are covered by my parents. I, my sister and her son live with our parents. Each of us has our own income, part of which we spend on family needs, as I noted above, and the rest at our own discretion.
Should we sacrifice one lamb from the whole family, or should everyone slaughter a lamb on their own behalf? Tell me how to do the right thing?
If you have three independent budgets (each has its own savings, savings), and these budgets overlap in some way, then each of them must be sacrificed on the established holidays, if the amount of funds available meets the criteria mentioned earlier.
Is it possible to give gifts on Eid al-Adha and other Islamic holidays to remind loved ones, especially those who do not follow the canons of religion, about the holiday? Ivan.
Yes, of course, you can and should.
I heard that you can fast for ten days before Eid al-Adha. Could you tell us more about this (according to the Hanafi madhhab)? Bekbolat, Kazakhstan.
You can, but nothing more. The main thing is to fast on the day of 'Arafah. For details, see the materials "Eid al-Adha (briefly)" and "Additional days of fasting".
What about young families who, for example, due to lack of the necessary material resources, cannot observe this ritual? How can they celebrate and meet Eid al-Adha? Zarina.
Create a cozy festive atmosphere at home, give gifts to your children and loved ones.
1. Today I was told that a lamb should be sacrificed from only one person, that is, if a wife is under the care of a husband, then the husband can sacrifice both for himself and for the wife. If the wife works, then she herself must buy the lamb. Is it true?
2. I live alone, just graduated from college. My family is now my parents. Do I have to sacrifice separately, since I work and can more or less support myself?
1. It is not true, one Kurban - from one family, from one family budget.
2. According to the scholars of the Hanafi madhhab, you do not need to slaughter a sacrificial animal; it will be enough if your father slaughters one lamb from your family, including you.
If for some reason a Muslim did not fast the day before the holiday of Eid al-Adha, is it possible to make up for this? Maybe you need to fast on other days, after a holiday, for example? AND.
No, no need, this post is not refillable.
What namaz should Shiites perform during the Eid al-Adha?
Both Shiites and Sunnis perform the Eid Prayer in the early morning of this day. There are no particular differences in how it is done.
My son-in-law wants to slaughter a ram on Kurban for his four-year-old son. Will it be right? Alfia.
The main thing is one kurban from one family budget. If your son-in-law wants to perform the slaughter on behalf of his four-year-old son, then I see no direct canonical obstacles to this.
Is it possible to bring money for Kurban to the mosque on Poklonnaya Hill (for example, throw it into a box in an envelope with a note)? This is very important for me. We have big problems with the slaughter in the city. You need to find an animal, ask a person who can do everything right. It is also difficult to find Muslims to distribute to. Maybe the mosques send money in an organized way to the countryside where there are those in need? Elmira, Kursk.
If you bring it to our mosque, drop it into a box marked "Kurban" and indicate your name and patronymic at least a week before the holiday, then we will transfer this money to one of the charitable organizations that is engaged in the slaughter and distribution of meat to those in need. If there are such Muslim organizations in your city, then contact them. A culture of organized slaughter and distribution of meat to the needy, such as students, orphans, the disabled or the elderly, is gradually emerging in Russia. In other states, this practice has been and is.
We live in Surgut. Can we send money for a ram to Dagestan, so that a ram from our family is slaughtered and distributed to those in need? We don't know who to distribute to, but there are many needy families at home. Aruvzat.
Yes, of course. You can do this, the main thing is to send the money in advance or have an appropriate agreement so that the slaughtering process takes place on the days of the holiday.
Is it possible to kill a bull that is a little less than two years old on Kurban? Bilal.
The opinion of theologians is unanimous that sacrificial animals can be camels, buffaloes, bulls or cows, as well as rams, sheep and goats. Age: camels - five years or more; buffaloes, bulls and cows - two years or more; rams, sheep and goats - one year old and older.
Is there any benefit from the blood of a sacrificial animal slaughtered on Eid al-Adha? It is applied to the forehead, cheeks, and nose with it in Chechnya. Ismail.
There is no canonical validity for this action, and therefore it can only be attributed to the local tradition.
Are there any norms in the Sharia that prescribe (recommend) to conduct the Kurban rite on behalf of the Prophet Muhammad (may the Most High bless him and greet him). If not, where did this tradition come from among Russian Muslims? Sayar.
There are no norms recommending such an action in the Muslim canons. When and why this tradition appeared, I do not know. I suppose that this is some form of gratitude from people to God's final messenger. But there is no need to practice such an innovation.
There is an intention to donate a lamb (slaughter) for the benefit of the orphanage. Are there rituals or du''a for this occasion? Daulet.
There are no special rituals and prayers for this case. You carry out the slaughtering process as usual on behalf of yourself and your family, or you instruct the appropriate fund to produce it, after which the meat will be transferred to the orphanage.
See: al-Naisaburi M. Sahih Muslim [Code of Hadiths of Imam Muslim]. Riyadh: al-Afkar ad-dawliya, 1998. S. 818, 819, hadith 39– (1977); al-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adyllatuh. In 11 t. T. 4. S. 2704; ash-Shavkiani M. Neil al-avtar. In 8 volumes. T. 5. P. 119, hadith no. 2090 and an explanation to it; al-Qurtubi A. Talkhys sahih al-imam Muslim. T. 2.P. 905.
Hadith from Abu Huraira; St. x. Hakim and al-Bayhaqi. See: As-Suyuty J. Al-Jami ‘as-sagyr. P. 520, hadith no. 8554.
If the sacrifice belongs to the category of obligatory, for example, a vow (nazr) was made before the Almighty that "if a certain event occurs, I will sacrifice an animal on the holiday of sacrifice," and this happened, then the person is obliged distribute everything, including the skin, relatives, friends and the poor. See: Al-Khatib al-Shirbiniy Sh. Mughni al-mukhtaj. T. 6.P. 140; Muhammad ibn Suleiman A. Majma ‘al-anhur fi sharh cartoon al-abhur. T. 2.P. 519.
See: Amin M. (known as Ibn 'Abidin). Radd al-mukhtar. T. 6.S. 328; al-Margynani B. Al-hidaya. T. 2.P. 4, p. 409.
Hadith from 'Ali; St. x. al-Bukhari and Muslim. See: Al-Shavkiani M. Neil al-Avtar. T. 5. P. 136, 137, hadith No. 2127; Amin M. (known as Ibn 'Abidin). Radd al-mukhtar. T. 6.S. 328, 329.
See: Al-Khatib al-Shirbiniy Sh. Mughni al-mukhtaj. T. 6.P. 139-141.
See: Al-Shavkiani M. Neil al-Avtar. T. 5.P. 136, hadith no. 2128.
See: Al-Margynani B. Al-Hidaya. Vol. 2, part 4, p. 409; Amin M. (known as Ibn 'Abidin). Radd al-mukhtar. T. 6.P. 328.
See: Al-Shavkiani M. Neil al-Avtar. T. 5.P. 136, 137, hadith no. 2128.
See: An-Nawawi Y. Minhaj at-Talibin wa ‘umda al-muftin fi al-fiqh. P. 321; al-Qardawi Y. Fatawa mu'asyr T. 1.P. 396.
Camels, buffaloes, bulls and cows are equated to seven rams, that is, no more than seven families can participate in the sacrifice of one cow, for example. The Hanafi theologians clarify: each of the participants must be a Muslim and have the intention to make a sacrifice. Shafi'i theologians are not categorical about this. See: Al-Shavkiani M. Neil al-Avtar. T. 5.P. 128; Muhammad ibn Suleiman A. Majma ‘al-anhur fi sharh cartoon al-abhur. T. 2.S. 519; al-Margynani B. Al-hidaya. Vol. 2, part 4, p. 404; al-Khatib al-Shirbiniy Sh. Mughni al-mukhtaj. T. 6.P. 130; al-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adyllatuh. In 11 volumes, vol. 4, p. 2713.
Hanafi theologians admit the possibility of slaughtering a ram at the age of six or more months, but reaching the size of a one-year-old, for which they have a justification from the Sunnah of the Prophet. See: V. Az-Zuhayli Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adyllatuh. In 11 t. T. 4. P. 2723; al-Margynani B. Al-hidaya. Vol. 2, part 4, p. 408.
Shafi'i theologians believe that goats and goats are sacrificed from two years or more. See: Al-Khatyb al-Shirbiniy Sh. Mughni al-mukhtaj [Enriching the Needy]. In 6 volumes. Egypt: al-Maktaba at-tawfikiyya, [b. year]. T. 6.P. 129.
Eid al-Fitr - the long-awaited holiday, the day when Muslims around the world congratulate each other on the end of the month of fasting - blessed Ramadan. This is the day that unites the entire great Muslim ummah of the planet Earth, a holiday when everyone, without exception, rejoices and rejoices. This is a holiday, which is officially a day off in all Islamic states, so that Muslims can meet each other, congratulate, visit relatives, relax and fully enjoy this holiday.
Eid al-Fitr gathers the family around the festive table, those who were away try to return home for the holiday, who work, to complete everything by the beginning of the holiday, because the unity is observed brighter, for houses, streets are full of people who go to each other to congratulate happy breaking of the fast.
Uraza Bayram is a holiday of joy, happiness, smiles, good mood. First of all, on this day, Muslims turn to their Lord - Allah Almighty with a prayer that He accepts their fast, all good deeds and intentions committed this month. As well as for ourselves and for other Muslims, we ask the same, at a meeting we wish it and in response we hear “amen”, and we hope that the Creator, by His grace, will accept our worship. This day is filled with the deepest faith on the part of the believers, since the holiday begins with prayers, and the whole day is filled with this divine grace.
Eid al-Fitr festive day begins with collective prayer in the mosques of any locality. An hour or two after sunrise, the mosques are filled with Muslims, who loudly, in one voice, recite the takbir, after which they perform the festive prayer.
Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “ When the Eid Prayer was completed, one of the angels said: “Let everyone know that the Lord has forgiven you. So come back to your homes with joy. Today is the day of reward ”. And this is also proclaimed in heaven ».
Note that takbir, that is, the words “ Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, la ilaha illaAllahu wa Llahu akbar wa liLahi-l hamd ”Begin to sound from the previous day after the evening prayer. They testify that Ramadan has come to its end, and tomorrow is declared a holiday. Muslims, some in mosques and some at home, are waiting for the takbir, and after it starts to sound, they congratulate each other on the holiday. Takbir continues to sound until the beginning of the Eid prayer.
As mentioned above, the main essence of the holiday lies in the fact that Muslims thank Allah Almighty for being able to observe fasting for a month, since he is the third pillar of Islam. Muslims thank their Lord for being able to perform godly deeds. Thank you for the fact that during this time they were able to atone for their mistakes, improve their temper, leave in the past some attachments that do not correspond to religion.
Eid al-Fitr is unique in thatthat rich and poor alike rejoice on this day. Wealthy Muslims often timed the payment of compulsory zakat to this month and the holiday, which allows poor brothers and sisters to celebrate the holiday with dignity, set the table and meet guests.
Mercy, which is so welcomed in Islam and encouraged by Allah Almighty, is fully manifested both during the month of Ramadan itself and on the bright holiday of Uraza Bayram. Feelings, emotions of believers overwhelm their hearts and souls, because they were waiting for this day, they experienced hunger and thirst for the sake of His Lord, and now He generously rewards them.
The holiday of breaking the fast brings all the relatives together, those whom, perhaps, have not been seen for months, you will definitely see on this day, everyone goes to visit, invites to him.
Eid al-Fitr - a holiday of friendship, mutual respect, mutual understanding, love, forgiveness, brotherhood.
The holiday of breaking the fast is a bridge to another equally great holiday of Muslims Eid al-Adha - Kurban Bayram. Not long to wait for him, about two and a half months. These holidays follow each other, and this is the special mercy of Allah. First, Muslims fast, then they begin to prepare for the greatest journey of their lives - making a pilgrimage to the shrines of Mecca and Medina.
If you think about it, then that very unity does not need to be particularly achieved, since Allah Himself has already laid it down: the month of Ramadan, the holiday of Eid al-Fitr, preparation for the Hajj, the Hajj itself, the holiday of Eid al-Adha, then the month of Rabi-ul Awal follows, rajab, sha'ban and again ramadan. All great events are decomposed by Wise Allah in such a way that the unity of Muslims is not interrupted, because each of these events is very significant, has great meaning and significance, and if the Muslims themselves approach this correctly, then they are always united, members of the Muslim ummah breathe in time with each other with a friend, as one organism, as one big and single heart.
Eid al-Fitr carries a huge spiritual charge, one common joy. On this day, Muslims say goodbye to the month that they have been waiting for a year, and ask the Lord not to deprive them of the opportunity to meet Ramadan next year. On this day, believers sum up their behavior, their deeds, their mercy, which they demonstrated on the blessed days.
Fasting on a holiday is prohibited; on this day, only joy and fun should be present in the heart of a Muslim. After congratulating the imam of the mosque and performing the collective festive prayer, Muslims begin to congratulate each other. With such pleasant impressions, the parishioners of mosques disperse to their homes in order from there to start bypassing their neighbors, relatives with words of congratulations, with the wishes of accepting fast, peace and tranquility to each of us.
Even from the evening or on a holiday before prayer, Muslims pay, which is distributed among the believers in need. It is also advisable to visit cemeteries the day before.
Directly on the festive day itself, the alims recommend to Muslims: get out of bed early, perform a full body wash, put on the best and most beautiful clothes, perfume with incense, have breakfast before the festive prayer with something sweet, then go to greet Muslims, show joy and fun, go to guests, congratulate believers on the holiday, wishing them that Allah would accept their fast.
Children remain not indifferent. They are looking forward to this day with great impatience. In different countries of the world, this day is celebrated in different ways, somewhere parents arrange real cultural outings for children, walks in parks, attractions, swings, carousels. All kinds of playgrounds open for the holiday. An important attribute is sweets that children receive on the day of the holiday, and other gifts are also given.
Any good traditions that have developed with the celebration of Eid al-Fitr are good, because the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) loved when Muslims rejoice, and he praised giving gifts to each other. " And give each other gifts ”, - says the hadith. Muslims follow this good beginning and delight themselves, their family, relatives, loved ones, friends.
Eid al-Fitr is the logical end of the month of Ramadan, but doing good deeds does not end with the holiday, ibadat does not end, on the contrary, we must do it with even greater zeal in order to achieve the contentment of our Creator.
The holiday of Eid al-Fitr falls on the first day. The hadith says about the desirability of fasting for six days and this month. Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “ One who fasted on Ramadan and then fasted for six days of Shawwal will receive a reward equal to one year's fast. ". It is advisable to observe this fast immediately after the holiday, although it is allowed on any other days of this month and it is considered important to observe these six days in a row.
Of course, each of us is both happy and sad at the same time, because we are celebrating such a great holiday, but we regret that the blessed days are over and now we will have to wait exactly a year, and, if Allah Almighty wills, we will once again taste all the mercy of the sacred month of Ramadan.
In the meantime, we will congratulate each other on the holiday of Eid al-Fitr... As narrated in the hadith from Jabir bin Nafir: “ When meeting on the holiday of Eid, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to each other: "May Allah accept from us and from you." ».
With the same wonderful words, we will congratulate our brothers and sisters, following the Sunnah of our Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
Three days (that is, on the 11th, 12th and 13th) are called "tashrik" days.
From sunset on the eve of Eid al-Adha, Muslims recite the takbir aloud:
اَلله ُاََكْبَرْ اَلله ُاَكْبَرْ اَلله ُاَكْبَرْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ الله ُوَالله ُاَكْبَرْ الله ُاَكْبَرْ وَللهِ الْحَمْدُ
لله اكبر الله اكبر الله اكبر
َلله ُاَكْبَرْ كَبِيرًا وَالْحَمْدُ للهِ كَثِيرًا وُسُبْحَانَ اللهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلاً
Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar Lailahu illallahu wallahu akbar, Allahu akbar wa lillahil hamd - three times.
Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar. Allahu akbar kabiran valhamdulillahi qasiran wa subhanallahi bukratan wa asila.
Takbir is read in mosques, at home, in the street, and in squares - everywhere men are loud, and women are silent. In addition, the takbir is recited after each prayer, before the beginning of the azkars (prayers recited after the prayer), ending with the pre-sunset prayer of the last day of the tashrik, that is, on the 13th of the month of dhu'l-hijja.
It is advisable to spend the night on Eid al-Adha in a divine service. On this night, the Almighty answers the prayers of his slaves. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Whoever was awake on the night of breaking the fast and on the night of Qurban in the service of the Almighty, his heart will not be grieved when sorrow befalls others." If you are unable to spend the whole night in the service, try in the last third of the night, or at least a small part of it, if this is difficult, then try to perform at least the night and morning prayers collectively (with jamamaniyat) in the mosque.
After midnight before the festive prayer, it is advisable to perform a full ablution on the occasion of the holiday (the intention (niyat) is pronounced like this: “I intend to perform a sunnah bath in the name of Allah”), to cut hair and nails, that is, to do personal hygiene.
In the morning, putting on clean clothes (if possible, then new), perfumed with incense, they go to the mosque to perform the festive prayer. The time for performing ‘Eid Namaz begins 15-20 minutes after sunrise and continues until lunchtime. In the mosque, eid-namaz is performed approximately 45 minutes after sunrise (check with the imam of the mosque the time of its performance). If there is no way to go to the mosque, then you can perform ‘eid-namaz both at home with your family and separately.
Salat ul-eid - festive namaz
Eid namaz is performed in the same way as on the day of Eid al-Adha. Whoever does not know how the festive prayer is performed, let him perform at least the usual Sunnah prayer in two rak'ats, with the intention of performing the festive prayer. But since such an opportunity appears once a year, you need to try not to miss it, and if you missed it, then even compensate it as a missed one. It is no exception for those on the road.
At the beginning of the id-namaz, they say “Allahu akbar” while mentally pronouncing the intention (niyat): “I intend to perform the two-raka'at namaz-sunna on the occasion of the holiday of Eid al-Adha, in the name of Allah”.
Then, who knows, let him read Vajakhta. After that, in the first rak 'yat, they say "Allahu Akbar" 7 times, at the same time raising their hands to the level of the ears. After each "Allahu Akbar", except for the last one, they say:
سُبْحَانَ اللهِ وَالْحَمْدُ للهِ وَلاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ الله ُوَالله ُاَكْبَرْ
After the last "Allahu Akbar" surah "al-Fatiha" is recited. In the second rak'ate, "Allahu Akbar" is read 5 times. After the festive prayer, the imam delivers a festive sermon.
On the day of Eid al-Adha, a sacrificial animal, Kurban, is slaughtered, and its meat is distributed to those in need, they visit relatives, neighbors, friends, other co-religionists, visit the graves of relatives, receive guests, congratulate each other, express joy and fun on the occasion of the holiday.
Drinking alcohol and committing other actions condemned by the Shariah on this day is blasphemy, a mockery of the principles of Islam.
Muslim sacrifice (qurban)
Sacrifice (Qurban) on the day of Eid al-Adha or the next three days is an urgent Sunnah to which our Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) paid special attention (Sunnat ul-mu'akkada).
Sacrifice these days is a highly rewarding act. The hadith, transmitted from Ali-ashab (may Allah be pleased with him), says: “Whoever leaves the house for an animal for Qurban, for each step he takes, 10 good deeds are written and 10 sins are erased, his conversation during the sale and purchase will be recorded as tasbih (remembrance of Allah), for each dirham given for an animal, 700 good deeds are recorded. When he knocks the animal to the ground to cut it, all creatures, from this place to the seventh heaven, will ask for the forgiveness of his sins, angels will be created from every drop of the animal's blood, who will also ask for the forgiveness of his sins before the day of Judgment.
Pious Muslims try to cut the Qurbani every year. Therefore, we should also find an opportunity for this. “The best of my ummah slaughter Qurban, the worst do not slaughter,” the hadith says. Imam Shafi'i said: "I do not approve (permission) not to cut the Qurbani to someone who has the opportunity to cut it." Ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) recommends cutting at least a rooster, if there is no other way, although this will not be considered a full-fledged Qurban. The meaning of what has been said is that on this day it is desirable to sacrifice at least something, showing respect for this holiday. In sacrifice, the main manifestation of obedience to the Almighty.
The sacrifice is made for an adult Muslim with the appropriate intention.
For the sacrifice, you can use camels, cows (bulls), sheep or goats (other animals are not suitable). Their preference is in the order they are listed. At the same time, a camel and a cow can be cut for seven, and a ram and a goat only for one Muslim. But it is better to sacrifice a ram or a goat for each than to slaughter one cow for seven.
If one ram or goat is slaughtered in a family, then the whole family receives a reward.
Terms of sacrifice
1. It is necessary that the person directly cutting the animal be a Muslim and that he should cut with a sincere intention for the sake of Allah.
2. It is necessary to have an appropriate intention (niyat) before the sacrifice. For oneself (men) it is better to cut themselves, but one can also authorize another (vakil - a representative) to do it. The intention should be done like this: "I intend to make the desired (sunnah) sacrifice from myself (or from the one who made me a wakil), in the name of Allah." ) a sacrifice in the name of Allah. "
In the case when another cuts, it is desirable to be present. Our Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) told his daughter Fatima (may Allah be pleased with him): “You stand by your side when sacrificing for you. As soon as the first drop of blood of the sacrificed animal falls to the ground, all your previously committed sins are forgiven. "
In the case when the sacrifice is performed for another person, you must have his permission.
3. The sacrificial animal must be an adult: a ram - one year old, in the second year of life; goat and cow (bull) - two years old, in the third year of life; camel - five years old, in the sixth year of life.
4. The sacrificial animal must be healthy, without significant defects.
The absence of several teeth or a small part (less than one third) of the ear is allowed, but an animal that is completely toothless or with an ear cut off by more than a third cannot be cut for the obligatory Qurbani. The tail, eyes and other organs of the animal's body must also be intact. It is desirable that the animal be well-fed (a very thin animal cannot be cut), without signs of illness.
5. The timing of the sacrifice must be observed. The period of sacrifice begins after the festive prayer and continues until sunset on the 13th of the month of Zul Hijja.
The animal must be cut with a well-sharpened knife, so you must first sharpen it. It is advisable to cut quickly, without lifting the knife blade from the throat of the animal. You should not show the knife to an animal or slaughter some animals in front of others.
First, they say:
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ اَللَّهُمَّ صَلىِّ عَلىَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَسَلِّمْ
اللهم هذا منك وإليك فتقبل مني
بِسْمِ اللهِ اَلله ُاَكْبَرْ اَللَّهُمَّ صَلىِّ عَلىَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىَ آلِى مُحَمَّدٍ وَسَلِّمْ
and simultaneously cut the trachea (behind the larynx, leaving it to the side of the head), the esophagus and both carotid arteries.
It is best to distribute all the meat raw to those in need, leaving a small piece for the barakat at home. But you can distribute a third or at least some part. The minimum requirement for the Sunnah Qurban is to give a portion of the raw meat to the Muslim who is entitled to zakat. In the case when the qurban was performed as nazru - i.e. Kurban was obligatory, all the meat must be distributed.
May Allah Almighty accept our deeds and services! Amine!
عيد الأضحى Feast of Sacrifice (Eid al-Adha) (Arabic عيد الأضحى, eng. Eid ul-adha, Kaz. Құrban ayt tat. Korban bәyrәme, azerb. Qurban Bayramı) is an Islamic holiday of the end of the Hajj, celebrated on the 10th day of the twelfth month of the Islamic lunar calendar (Dhu'l Hijj) in memory of the sacrifice of the Prophet Abraham and 70 days after the Ramadan holiday.
History
Rite of sacrifice
The victim must be at least a year old, healthy and free of any defects. It is believed that a sheep or goat can be sacrificed from only one person, and a cow, bull or camel - from seven people. Usually they slaughter a ram, goat, cow or bull - two years old, the sacrificial camel, as a rule, is at least five years old. The custom allows sacrifice not only for the living, but also for the dead.
Often the skins of sacrificed animals are given to the Mosque. The meat is boiled and eaten at a common meal, which can be attended by any Muslim; the imam is usually at the head of the table. On the feast of sacrifice, you should definitely try a variety of delicious meat dishes that are prepared in different countries, in accordance with local tastes, using various spices and flavorings; great attention is paid to the festive decoration of the table, as well as the preparation of numerous sweets. They try to give gifts to close friends and relatives during the holiday. In the days following the holiday, visits are usually made to relatives and close friends, since visiting on the days of the holiday of sacrifice is considered blessed and desirable.
The sacrifice on the day of the holiday of Eid al-Adha (Eid al-Adha (Eid al-Adha) is a ritual of Islam, for which there is plenty of evidence. Allah Almighty says in the Quran: "... pray to your Lord and offer sacrifice." Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Prophet (meib) sacrificed two rams, which were large, fat and horned. When the Prophet laid one of them, he said: “In the name of Allah and Allah is great. O Allah, accept this from Muhammad and the family of Muhammad. " And when he was laying the second one, he said: “In the name of Allah and Allah is great. O Allah, accept this from Muhammad, his Ummah, those who have borne witness to Thy unity, and witnessed my fulfillment of the mission. " Prophet Muhammad (meib) called Muslims to sacrifice. Aisha conveyed the words of the Prophet: “The more beloved work of a person for Allah on the day of sacrifice is the sacrifice. On the day of the Judgment, the sacrificial animal will be in the bowl of good deeds with its horns, hair and hooves. The blood shed on this day reaches its place before Allah before it reaches the ground. So cleanse your souls with it. "
The Feast of Sacrifice is celebrated on the 10th day of the 12th month of the Muslim lunar calendar dhu-l-hijja, during the period of the pilgrimage to Mecca.
Most often a ram is sacrificed
Celebrating the day of the sacrifice, even if it does not happen in Mecca, begins in the early morning. A little light, Muslims go to the mosque for morning prayer, but first it is advisable to perform a complete ablution, put on new and neat clothes, and, if possible, anoint yourself with incense. It is not recommended to eat before prayer. At the end of the morning Prayer, the believers return home. Then they again go to the mosque or to a specially designated area (namazgah), where Mullah or imam-khatib preaches a sermon (khutbu). Khutbah usually begins with glorification of Allah and his prophet, then explains the origin of the Hajj and the meaning of the sacrifice rite.
After prayer, Muslims who have the opportunity to make a sacrifice do so. Over the victim, any ordinary Muslim can pronounce a short formula: "Bismillah, Allah Akbar", that is, "In the name of Allah, Allah is great!" Before the ram is slaughtered, it must be thrown to the ground with its head towards Mecca.
Rite of sacrifice
You can sacrifice a ram that has reached the seventh months (according to Shafi'i - a full year), a bull or a cow that has reached the full two years, a camel that has reached the full five years. It is desirable that the sacrificial animal be fat, large and beautiful. There should be no flaws in it that negatively affect the quantity and quality of meat. Therefore, one should not sacrifice lame, blind or sick animals. And also animals in which more than half of the horn is broken, or more than half of the ear is cut off. Al-Barra narrated that the Prophet (meib) said: "Four animals are not suitable for sacrifice - an animal with pronounced blindness, sick, with pronounced lameness and thinness."
It is advisable to use a third of the meat for treating your family, donate a third to the poor from among neighbors and relatives, and give a third as alms to those who ask for it. As the Almighty said about this: "... then eat their meat and feed those who are content with little, and those who ask from poverty."
Ibn Abbas also talked about the sacrifice of the Prophet (meib): "He left a third for the family, a third for treating poor neighbors, and distributed a third to those who asked." Ibn Umar said: "Sacrifices and gifts are a third for you, a third for a family, and a third for the poor."
You cannot pay with the butcher who cut the sacrificial animal with meat. But you can give him some of the meat if he is poor, or donate, but not as payment. Ali said: “The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him, told me to follow the sacrifice, divide its meat and skin, and not give the butcher anything from the sacrificial animal. He said: 'We will pay him.'