Ramadan begins. What is the meaning of Ramadan

There are countless different beliefs and religions in the world: from the worship of wooden African Gods to laudatory odes to the northern Gods of the winds and seas. For many thousands of years, mankind has identified the two most numerous and popular areas - Islam and Christianity. Given that both religions are descended from Judaism, it is easy to trace their similarities. But there are also striking differences. For example, the holy month of the Islamists is Ramadan 2016, the beginning and end of which are annually set on different dates depending on the Muslim calendar. The most important and responsible fasting "Ramadan", observed according to a strict calendar and daily schedule, has many conditions and characteristics. Muslims should get acquainted with it closely, Christians should study it at least superficially.

What is Ramadan for Muslims?

What is Ramadan for Muslims? .. Firstly, it is one of the five most basic religiously forming Islamic holidays; secondly - the ninth month of the calendar, set aside for strict fasting with a lot of stable rules. Its main goals are to strengthen faith, physical and spiritual cleansing, atonement for acquired sins, etc. All groups of persons take part in the active fasting of Ramadan except:

• Travelers
• Old people and sick
• Minors
• Of the mentally ill
• Pregnant and lactating
• Not Muslims

Major prohibitions during Ramadan include:

1. Drinking water and food during daylight hours;
2. Carnal joys and pleasures of any kind;
3. Loud music in public places;
4. Use of tobacco, hookahs, smoking mixtures;
5. The use of rectal drugs and spontaneous vomiting;
6. Refusal from daily voicing intentions to continue fasting according to the rules;
7. Skipping prayers and negative thoughts;

Throughout Ramadan, Muslims should devote all their time only to reading the Quran, daily work and charity. A sixth prayer is added to the traditional five prayers - the night one.

Ramadan 2016: the beginning and end of fasting in Russia

According to the sacred legend, it was in the ninth month of the calendar, called Ramadan, that the angel Jibril conveyed to Muhammad the divine revelation, which became the basis of the book of the Koran. Depending on the lunar calendar, this sacred month can last from 28 to 30 days and begin on different dates for different countries. In Russia, the beginning and end of Ramadan in 2016 falls on June 6 and July 5, respectively. It is during this period that it is especially important to do good deeds. After all, Allah increases their importance 700 times. In addition, it is much easier to implement them, since the shaitan in Ramadan is shackled in heavy chains.

The beginning and end of fasting in Russia for Ramadan 2016 are strict boundaries for changing the habitual diet. Instead of the standard three meals a day, only two meals are allowed: suhur - in the early morning, iftar - after sunset.

Ramadan 2016 - schedule in Moscow

For Ramadan 2016, the schedule in Moscow is shown in the form of a table with exact time indicators. Here are illustrated the main numbers for Muscovites for Ramadan in 2016, indicating the obligatory pre-dawn (Fajr) and evening (Maghreb) prayers, etc .:

Ramadan 2016: beginning and end of fasting in Tunisia and the UAE

Unlike Russia, in most Muslim countries, the beginning and end of Ramadan 2016 falls on June 6 and July 7 (+/- 2 days depending on the movements of the moon). During this period, the "believers" residents have time to morally and physically strengthen their faith, forgive their sins, and do many good deeds. In Ramadan, the daytime life on the streets of cities and towns stops, shops and street cafes are usually closed. At the same time, catering establishments can open after sunset and work until late at night. The only exceptions are tourists, for whom bars, restaurants, museums, and public beaches remain accessible.

Ramadan greetings

Congratulations on the Ramadan holiday for Muslims is an essential attribute. Believers in fasting greet each other with standard symbolic phrases:

• Ramazani Karim - I wish you a generous Ramadan!
• Ramadan Mubarak - blessed Ramadan!
• May Allah please your eyes in Ramadan with sweet evenings and the friendship of the elect, the grace of the All-Forgiving and the paradise of the pious!

Of the 12 months of the lunar calendar, according to which Muslims all over the world live, this is the most honorable and important month of the year. The month of Ramadan lasts from 29 to 30 days, depending on the lunar calendar.

Moreover, in different Muslim countries, Ramadan can start at different times, and it depends on the method of astronomical calculation or direct observation of the phases of the moon.

Ramadan 2018 dates back to ancient times. Muslim believers consider Ramadan to be their main duty in the year, because this holy month is accompanied not only by pious behavior and frequent prayers, but also by strict fasting, which is mandatory for all Muslims.

The essence of the post

In Islam, through fasting, Muslims hope to get closer to Allah Almighty. And since drawing closer to Allah is the meaning of a Muslim's life, fasting occupies an important place in Islam. First of all, fasting is intended to pacify the soul and body, as well as accurately fulfill the instructions of Allah.

The meaning of fasting is to cleanse a person from vices and passions. Refusal of vicious desires during the month of Ramadan helps a person to refrain from committing everything forbidden, which in the future will lead him to purity of actions not only during fasting, but throughout his life.

Fasting also helps a person control negative emotions and qualities, such as anger, greed, and hatred. The essence of fasting is that it helps a person to fight against overwhelming passions and control their desires.

Fasting in the month of Ramadan reminds a person of the most important thing - that this life is so fleeting.

How and when to fast

Fasting begins at the beginning of dawn and ends after sunset.

During the month of Ramadan, devout Muslims refuse to eat during the day.

In Islam, there are two night meals: suhoor - predawn and iftar - evening. In order not to overload the stomach in a few hours of a summer night and at the same time to recharge with energy for a long hungry day, it is not recommended to drink food immediately with water, diluting gastric juice.

You need to drink after about an hour, when you feel thirsty.

Ramadan rules

Every adult Muslim is obliged to fast. During fasting, one should adhere to the established rules, pray a lot and daily confirm their intention to participate in this holiday in the name of Allah.

During this month, Muslims in the daytime refuse not only food, but also drinking, smoking and intimacy in order to atone for their sins.

Ramadan is a holy month for rethinking life, purifying the soul and body. Therefore, without daily prayers (namaz), Allah will not count the fulfillment of a religious duty. During this strict fast, one should refrain from evil thoughts and intentions, perform prayers more often, and beware of defamatory actions and impious people.

Children, sick people, pregnant and lactating women, travelers, warriors and old people who are physically unable to fast are exempted from Ramadan. But it is obligatory to reimburse the fast in another, more favorable period.

If a Muslim breaks the fast, then he must pay the needy a certain amount in money or food, thus making up for the fast. One of the most serious violations is entering into an intimate relationship, for which a Muslim must pay either 60 days of continuous strict fasting, or by feeding 60 poor people.

The last ten days of fasting are especially strict and responsible, during which, according to the legend, the prophet Muhammad received the first revelations from the angel. During this period, Muslims pray especially earnestly and adhere to the instructions of Allah. It is believed that the blessings performed during Ramadan, Allah gives the believers a hundredfold, giving them good luck, prosperity and health.

Throughout Ramadan, Muslims should read the Quran, devote their time to pious thoughts and actions, work and charity. In addition, one more prayer is added to the usual five prayers a day, at night.

With the onset of Ramadan, it is customary among Muslims to congratulate each other in words or in the form of postcards, because this holiday is the moments of the birth of the holy book of the Koran, which plays a special role in the life of every believer.

Night of Destiny

In the holy month of Ramadan, there is the night of Lailat al-Qadr or the Night of Power and Predestination - the most important night of the year for every Muslim. This is the night when the archangel Jebrail came down to the praying Prophet Muhammad and gave him the Koran.

According to the sources, Lailat al-Qadr is the night when angels descend to earth and the prayer pronounced on this night has much more power than all prayers in the year. In the Qur'an of this Night, a whole surah "Inna Anzalnagu" is dedicated, which says that the Night of Power is better than a thousand months in which it is not.

This is the night when the fate of every person, his life path, difficulties and trials to be passed, are predetermined in heaven, and if you spend this night in prayers, in understanding your deeds and possible mistakes, then Allah will forgive him his sins and be merciful.

As for the date of the night of the Predestination, the Quran says that it falls on one of the last 10 nights of Ramadan. Therefore, it is considered the most correct to devote all the last 10 nights of Ramadan to prayers.

Feast of Conversation

Ramadan ends with the second great holiday - Eid al Fitr or the so-called Feast of Conversation. This holiday comes after sunset on the last day of Ramadan.

At this time, Muslims should indulge in contemplation of spiritual values \u200b\u200band rethinking life during the period of fasting. This day is considered a holiday of salvation from hell, as well as a day of reconciliation, love and friendly handshakes. On this day, it is customary to visit the disadvantaged and take care of the elderly.

The holiday begins with the onset of the time for the evening prayer. From that time on, it is desirable for all Muslims to read takbir (the formula for the exaltation of Allah). Takbir is recited before the festive prayer is performed on the day of the holiday. It is advisable to spend the night on the holiday in vigil, in the all-night service to Allah.

On the day of the holiday, it is advisable to put on clean clothes, put on a silver ring on your finger, perfume yourself with incense and, after eating a little, go to the mosque early to perform the festive prayer.

On this day, the obligatory zakat al-fitr or "alms for breaking the fast" is paid, they show joy, congratulate each other and wish the Almighty to fast, visit relatives, neighbors, acquaintances, friends, receive guests.

The material was prepared on the basis of open sources.

Ramadan - the holy month of fasting and spiritual cleansing among Muslims, in which the Holy Quran was revealed.

Muslim holy month Ramadan 2016 (Ramadan):

starts on the evening of June 5 in 2016 with the sunset.
June 6, 2016 - the official start date of Ramadan 2016.

ends on the evening of July 4th 2016.
June 5, 2016 - Celebrate the end of the month of Ramadan 2016 (Eid al-Adha)since the new moon comes out at about 4 hours 22 minutes on July 05, 2016 Makka time. Thus, Ramadan this year is equal to 30 days (the length of the month is 29 or 30 days and depends on the lunar calendar).

Fasting in Ramadan 2016

Fasting begins at the beginning of dawn (after the morning adhan) and ends after sunset (after the evening adhan).

The month of Ramadan is a serious test for all devout Muslims. For the entire month of the calendar, believers, with the aim of atonement for their sins, are fasting - eating is carried out only at night. During the day, you can't eat, drink and smoke, and intimacy is prohibited.

It is necessary to do good deeds during fasting and pray fervently.

During the fast, Muslims seek to curb their instincts and passions (nafs). The meaning of fasting fasting (uraza) is to test the will for the triumph of the spirit over the desires of the flesh, to focus on one's inner world in order to identify and destroy sinful inclinations and repentance for committed sins, to struggle with one's pride for the sake of humility with the will of the Creator.

* It is desirable to finish the meal within 20-30 minutes. until the time of FADJR;

* Time MAGRIBE - you can start eating.

Every day before fasting, Muslims pronounce their intention (niyat) in approximately the following form: "I intend to fast tomorrow (today) in the month of Ramadan, for the sake of Allah." It is advisable for Muslims to finish their morning meal (suhoor) half an hour before dawn and start breaking the fast (iftar) immediately after the break for fasting. It is recommended to have a conversation with water, milk, dates, etc.

Every day after the night prayer (isha), Muslims collectively perform the voluntary taraweeh prayer, consisting of 8 or 20 rak'ahs. In the last ten days of the month, the night of al-Qadr begins (the night of power, the night of predestination).

On the first day of the month of Shawwal, in honor of the end of Ramadan, a fasting holiday is held. On this day, Muslims perform a wound in the morning with the Eid prayer (go namoz) and pay the obligatory alms (zakat al-fitr). This holiday is the second most important holiday for Muslims.

In this month, Muslims approach the performance of prayers more responsibly than in ordinary months, read the Koran, do good deeds, give out voluntary (sadaqa) and obligatory (zakat) alms. Many Muslims who, for whatever reason, stop performing namaz, most often this month return to observing this pillar of Islam. That is why Muslims await Ramadan with awe.

Ramadan - what not to do during fasting

Without uttering the intention (niyat) to fast;

To deliberately eat and drink;

To have sexual intercourse (regardless of whether there was ejaculation or not), masturbate and caress, leading to ejaculation;

Administer rectal and vaginal medications;

Swallowing phlegm that has entered the mouth;

Spontaneous vomiting, in which the mouth is filled with vomit.

Ramadan - What You Can Do During Fasting

Eating and drinking unintentionally;

To administer drugs by injection (injections);

Donate blood and perform bloodletting (hijama);

Swim, but so that water does not get into your mouth;

Kissing unless the partner's saliva is swallowed;

Caress that does not lead to ejaculation;

Swallow saliva and phlegm that has not entered the mouth;

Brush your teeth, provided that the toothpaste does not go down the throat;

Brush your teeth with siwak. Some theologians consider brushing your teeth in the afternoon undesirable, mentioning the hadith that "the smell from the mouth of a fasting person is dearer to Allah than incense";

Involuntary vomiting;

Do not perform namaz.

Not Muslims;

Minor children and mentally ill adult Muslims;

Old people and sick people who cannot stand fasting and do not hope that their condition will change. In atonement for fasting, they must feed the poor;

Pregnant and lactating women in the event that they fear for their health and the health of the child. They must fill the fast after the disappearance of the reason temporarily relieving them of their duty;

Travelers. The traveler is allowed to break his fast regardless of his physical condition and the complexity of the journey;

Women who have menstruation and postpartum cleansing.

Those who do not observe the Ramadan fast are undesirable to conspicuously eat or smoke during the daytime. In Islamic countries, eating, drinking, smoking, chewing gum and loudly playing music in public places is prohibited during fasting.

SUKHUR IN RAMADAN

Suhoor is an early morning meal during the month of Ramadan. Food is eaten before prayer - fajr (before dawn). Sukhur and iftar (evening fasting) during Ramadan replace the traditional three meals a day (breakfast, lunch and dinner).

For Muslims, it is advisable to perform suhoor on the eve of the first signs of dawn, since the reward (sawab) from Allah for fasting in this case will be greater. If the fasting person does not eat before dawn, then his fast remains valid, but he will lose some part of the reward, since he will not perform one of the actions related to the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad.

IFHTOR IN RAMADAN MONTH

Iftor is breaking the fast, an evening meal during the month of Ramadan. It is held after evening prayer local time. Iftar starts right after sunset. It is undesirable to postpone eating at a later time. They begin to talk about the Sunnah with dates or water. The Prophet Muhammad said: "When one of you breaks his fast, let him break his fast with dates, and if he does not find dates, let him break his fast with water, for it truly cleans."

After performing Iftar, the following prayers (dua) are recited:

“O Lord, I fasted for You (for the sake of Your pleasure with me) and, using Your benefits, I broke my fast. I hope in You and believe in You. Forgive me, O One, Whose mercy is unlimited. Praise be to the Almighty, Who helped me to fast and fed me when I broke my fast. ”

“O Allah (O Lord)! For the sake of Your pleasure with me, I fasted, believed in You, relied on You and made the fast, using Your gifts. Forgive me past and subsequent sins, O All-Forgiving! "

TAROVIKH IN RAMADAN

Taraweeh (break, rest, respite) is a voluntary prayer (namaz), which is performed after the obligatory night prayer (isha) and lasts until dawn. The taraweeh prayer is performed both individually and collectively. The word "taraweeh" is the plural of the Arabic word "tarviha", which means "rest" in Russian. Prayer is called so because after every four rak'ahs, those who pray sit rest, praising the Lord or listening to the edification of the imam.

At the time of the Prophet Muhammad, the taraweeh was performed from 8 and 20 rak'ahs, but the taraweeh, consisting of twenty rak'ahs, was finally approved by the caliph Umar with the consent of the Sahaba. According to the opinion of 4 Sunni madhhabs, the taraweeh prayer is performed in 20 rak'ahs (10 prayers for 2 rak'ahs). It is performed every day throughout the month of Ramadan after the night prayer (isha). At the time of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad, after every four rak'ahs, a short break was made, during which they praised and remembered Allah or read a short sermon.

HOLIDAY URAZ (RAMAZAN)

On the first day of the month Shawval, that is, on the 30th or 31st day of the month. Ramadan in honor of the end of Ramadan, the holiday of breaking the fast Eid al-Fitr (Eid al-Bayram) is held. On this day, Muslims perform the Eid Prayer (Go Namoz) and pay the obligatory alms (zakat al-fitr).

Zakot al-fitr (alms of breaking the fast) - alms that must be paid to needy Muslims before the Ramadan holiday. Paying zakat al-fitra is a mandatory act (wajib) for Muslims. The head of the family pays alms for all members of his family who are in his care. If a child is born after sunset on the last day of the month of Ramadan, then zakat al-fitr is not paid for him.

Zakat al-fitr can be paid to an authorized person in the mosque, or to those in need personally. The amount of charity is 1 caa of free-flowing substances common in the area where it is paid. For example, in Europe it is recommended to pay in wheat and barley, in Southeast Asia - in rice, in the Middle East - in dates. Saa is a measure of weight equal to 3500 g (in the Hanafi madhhab), or 2.176 g (in the rest of the Sunni madhhab). In the Hanafi madhhab, half a saa is paid. Zakat al-Fitr is best paid in the form of food, as was done during the time of the Prophet Muhammad. The payment of alms in cash is allowed in the Hanafi madhhab.

The purpose of paying zakat al-fitr is atonement (kafarra) for possible mistakes and omissions made during the month of fasting, as well as helping the poor and those in need of celebrating the holiday of Uraza (Eid al-fitr) together with other Muslims.

Ramadan greetings and calendar

The month of fasting for Muslims is a joyful event with which they congratulate each other with the words Ramazani Kareem (I wish you a generous Ramadan!) Or Ramadan Mubarak (blessed Ramadan!). The traditional wish for this month are the words "May Allah please your eyes in Ramadan with sweet evenings and the friendship of the elect, the grace of the Forgiving One and the paradise of the pious!" The fasting person also wants Allah to accept his fast.

SMS congratulations for Ramadan 2016

The beginning of each month of the Islamic lunar calendar is the day after the new moon. The lunar calendar is shorter than the Gregorian calendar by about 10 days, so every year the start date of Ramadan is shifted about 10-11 days ago relative to the modern calendar. It should also be borne in mind that in some Muslim countries the first day of Ramadan is determined by astronomical calculations, and in others - by direct observation of the moon, or it can be determined based on the announcement of authoritative people in the Muslim world. In this regard, the beginning of a religious holiday may differ depending on the host country or weather conditions.

Ramadan or Ramadan is a holy month in the Islamic religion, during which all devout Muslims must adhere to strict fasting and devote all their time to prayers. It is believed that it was in Ramadan that an angel appeared to the Prophet Muhammad and told the first divine revelation, which later formed the basis of the Koran - the holy book of Muslims. Ramadan is the ninth month in Islamic reckoning, and its beginning and end varies according to the lunar calendar. When Ramadan 2016 will be held in most Muslim countries, as well as about the features of this holy month, you will learn from our article.

When does Ramadan start in 2016 in Russia and other countries?

As mentioned above, the celebration of Ramadan among Muslims depends on the lunar calendar. To be more precise, from the new moon, which determines the beginning of Lent. Since the lunar calendar is shorter than the Gregorian calendar, the dates of the beginning and end of Ramadan are constantly shifting relative to the dates of the celebration of previous years. In addition, the dates of the beginning of Ramadan in different countries may also differ. So, for example, in 2016 Ramadan in the UAE will come on June 6, and in Russia Muslims will start fasting only on the 8th.

When does Ramadan 2016 end in Russia and other countries?

The duration and, accordingly, the end date of the holy month of Ramadan also varies. It can last from 29 to 30 days. In 2016, for example, in Russia, Ramadan will end on July 6 and will be 29 days. In other Muslim countries, notably the UAE, the end date for Ramadan falls on July 5th.

Why is Ramadan a holiday?

Despite the rather strict restrictions in force throughout the holy month, Ramadan is considered one of the main Muslim holidays. And the whole point is that during this Great Lent, believers are cleansed not only physically, but also spiritually. Throughout the month of Ramadan, Muslims, with the exception of underage children, pregnant women, the elderly and sick people, do not eat, drink or indulge in love pleasures during the day. Eating and drinking is possible only in the dark. The severe prohibition also applies to smoking, foul language, drinking alcoholic beverages. Therefore, within such a strict framework, every devout Muslim has the opportunity to test his fortitude, move away for a while from worldly vanity and devote himself to spiritual development.

In addition, during Ramadan, charity and any help to those in need are encouraged, which also contributes to spiritual growth. Now that you know why Ramadan is a holiday and when Ramadan is held in 2016, be sure to congratulate your Muslim acquaintances with its beginning and end.

RAMADAN 2016 BEGINNING AND END, CALENDAR FOR THE OPENING OF THE POST IN RAMAZAN It is prohibited during fasting !!! Facebook132 Twitter Google+ The Muslim holy month of Ramadan (Ramadan), in 2016, begins on the evening of June 5 with sunset. That is, from the night of the specified date, or rather from the morning of June 6th and ends on the evening of July 4th, 2016. In fact, Ramadan is referred to among the nations as "Ramadan" and is the ninth month of the Muslim calendar. Each year, the start date of the month changes with respect to the Gregorian calendar. The month of Ramadan (Ramadan) is the most important and most honorable month-holiday for all Muslim believers throughout the earth, the end of which is celebrated as a holiday and this year it is set on July 5, 2016 as the new moon comes out at about 4 hours 22 minutes 07/05/2016 by Mr. Makka time. Thus, Ramadan this year is equal to 30 days (so far according to preliminary data). ESSENCE: The month of Ramadan is considered mandatory for Muslims as the month of fasting (saum) and is one of the five pillars of Islam. During the month of Ramadan, devout Muslims in the daytime refuse to eat, drink, smoke and intimacy in order to atone for their sins. In other words, the meaning of fasting is testing the will for the triumph of the spirit over the desires of the flesh, focusing attention on your inner world in order to identify and eliminate sinful inclinations and repentance for committed sins, fighting your pride for the sake of humility with the will of the Creator. The length of the month is 29 or 30 days and depends on the lunar calendar. Fasting begins at the beginning of dawn (after the morning adhan) and ends after sunset (after the evening adhan). Approximate fasting time on 06/06/2016 Fajr Maghrib city Astana 3:30 21:30 Ashgabat 4:12 20:28 Baku 4:20 21:10 Bishkek 3:06 20:43 Grozny 3:10 20:41 Dushanbe 3:01 19 : 55 Kazan 2:43 21:23 Maykop 3:21 21:09 Makhachkala 3:06 20:30 Moscow 3:03 22:14 Nazran 3:15 20:48 Nalchik 3:18 20:53 Simferopol 3:26 20: 39 Tashkent 3:05 20:05 Ufa 4:26 22:46 Circassia 3:17 21:02 ORDER OF URAZ (RUZA) Before fasting, Muslims say their intention (niyat) approximately in the following form: “I intend tomorrow (today) fast for the month of Ramadan, for the sake of Allah. " It is advisable for Muslims to finish their morning meal (suhoor) half an hour before dawn and start breaking the fast (iftar) immediately after the break for fasting. It is recommended to have a conversation with water, milk, dates, etc. Every day after the night prayer (isha), Muslims collectively perform the voluntary taraweeh prayer, consisting of 8 or 20 rak'ahs. In the last ten days of the month, the night of al-Qadr begins (the night of power, the night of predestination). On the first day of the month of Shawwal, in honor of the end of Ramadan, the holiday of breaking the fast is held. On this day, Muslims perform the wound in the morning with the Eid prayer (go namoz) and pay the obligatory alms (zakat al-fitr). This holiday is the second most important holiday for Muslims. THE FOUNDATION OF THE MONTH OF RAMADAN Complete rejection of simple human needs, even on the hottest and most exhausting days, gives Muslims an opportunity to demonstrate the strength of their faith. During the fast, Muslims seek to curb their instincts and passions (nafs). In addition to external cleanliness, in this month the fasting person tries to observe internal cleanliness more strictly - liberation from all thoughts and actions that defile a person. The fast of a Muslim, whose deeds and thoughts are impure and not pleasing to God, is considered invalid because "Allah does not need to abstain from eating and drinking the one who has not left a lie." Muslims believe that the spiritual and bodily fasting of Ramadan is extremely positive for their souls. A NOTE IN THE QURAN One should fast for a few days. And if any of you is sick or on the way, then let him fast the same number of days at another time. And those who are able to fast with difficulty should feed the poor man in atonement. And if someone voluntarily performs a good deed, so much the better for him. But you'd better fast if you only knew! In the month of Ramadan, the Qur'an was revealed - correct guidance for the people, clear evidence of correct guidance and discernment. Anyone of you who is found this month should fast. And if someone is sick or on the way, then let him fast the same number of days at another time. Allah wishes you relief and does not wish you trouble. He wants you to complete a certain number of days and magnify Allah for guiding you on the straight path. Perhaps you will be grateful. (Surah Al Bakara). In this month, Muslims approach the performance of prayers more responsibly than in ordinary months, read the Koran, do good deeds, give out voluntary (sadaqa) and obligatory (zakat) alms. Many Muslims who, for whatever reason, stop performing namaz, most often this month return to observing this pillar of Islam. That is why Muslims await Ramadan with awe. PROHIBITED ACTIONS DURING FAST. The following actions taken during the daytime break the fast. including: 1. Unspoken intention (niyat) to fast; 2. Intentional eating and drinking; 3. Smoking; 4. Sexual intercourse (regardless of whether there was ejaculation or not), masturbation and ejaculation caused by caresses; 5. Entering rectal and vaginal drugs; 6. Swallowing sputum that has entered the oral cavity; 7. Spontaneous vomiting, in which the oral cavity is filled with vomit. UNAUTHORIZED ACTIONS 1. Unintentional eating and drinking; 2. The introduction of drugs by injection (injections); 3. Blood donation and bloodletting (hijama); 4. Bathing, in which water does not enter the mouth; 5. Kissing if the partner's saliva is not swallowed; 6. Caress, if they do not lead to ejaculation; 7. Swallowing saliva and sputum that has not entered the oral cavity; 8. Brushing your teeth, provided that the toothpaste does not go down the throat; 9. Brushing teeth with siwak. Some theologians consider brushing your teeth in the afternoon undesirable, mentioning the hadith that "the smell from the mouth of a fasting person is dearer to Allah than incense"; 10. Involuntary vomiting; 11. Not performing namaz. Categories of persons released from office 1. Non-Muslims; 2. Minor children and mentally ill adult Muslims; 3. Old people and sick people who cannot sustain fasting and do not hope that their condition will change. In atonement for fasting, they must feed the poor; 4. Pregnant and lactating women in the event that they fear for their health and the health of the child. They must fill the fast after the disappearance of the reason temporarily relieving them of their duty; 5. Travelers. The traveler is allowed to break his fast regardless of his physical condition and the complexity of the journey. 6. Women who have menstruation and postpartum cleansing. Those who do not observe the Ramadan fast are undesirable to conspicuously eat or smoke during the daytime. In Islamic countries, eating, drinking, smoking, chewing gum and loudly playing music in public places is prohibited during fasting. MANDATORY CONDITIONS. A prerequisite for fasting is the intention (niyat) to perform it. The intention is pronounced in the heart and is confirmed by language in any language that the fasting person understands. The intention is approximately as follows: "I intend tomorrow (today) to fast the month of Ramadan, for the sake of Allah." The intention is pronounced every day between the night (isha) and morning (fajr) prayer. The intention stated at the beginning of the month for all days of the month of Ramadan is considered invalid in all Sunni madhhabs, except for the Maliki one. LONG: Breaking the fast during Ramadan, without a valid reason, is considered a sin. In accordance with one of the five pillars of Islam: For an unintentional violation of the fast for a good reason (serious illness, haid), a Muslim is obliged to make up for the missed fast with 1 day of fasting or pay a person in need a certain amount, equal to 1 sa of wheat, or food purchased with this amount of money. For a missed fast for a reason, he must fast on any convenient day until the next month of Ramadan. For sexual intercourse, the time of day must be compensated for by 60 days of continuous fasting, or 60 poor people must be fed. For reasons permitted by Shariah, one must repentance. GOOD IN RAMADAN According to authentic hadiths and the Qur'an, doing good deeds is considered especially important. According to the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, Allah increases the significance of each of them by 700 times, and the shaytaan is putting chains on this month, so it becomes much easier for Muslims to make them than in other months. In Ramadan, devout Muslims try to spend more time in prayer and reading the Koran, giving alms, and doing other good deeds. SUHUR IN RAMADAN Suhoor is an early morning meal during the month of Ramadan. Food is eaten before prayer - fajr (before dawn). Sukhur and iftar (evening fasting) during Ramadan replace the traditional three meals a day (breakfast, lunch and dinner). For Muslims, it is advisable to perform suhoor on the eve of the first signs of dawn, since the reward (sawab) from Allah for fasting in this case will be greater. If the fasting person does not eat before dawn, then his fast remains valid, but he will lose some of the reward, since he will not perform one of the actions related to the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad. IFHORO IN THE MONTH OF RAMADAN Iftore is breaking the fast, an evening meal during the month of Ramadan. It is held after evening prayer local time. Iftar starts right after sunset. It is undesirable to postpone eating at a later time. They begin to talk about the Sunnah with dates or water. The Prophet Muhammad said: "When one of you breaks his fast, let him break his fast with dates, and if he does not find dates, let him break his fast with water, for it truly cleans." After the iftar, the following prayers (dua) are recited: “O Lord, I fasted for You (for Your pleasure with me) and, using Your benefits, I broke my fast. I hope in You and believe in You. Forgive me, O One, Whose mercy is unlimited. Praise be to the Almighty, Who helped me to fast and fed me when I broke my fast. " “O Allah (O Lord)! For the sake of Your pleasure with me, I fasted, believed in You, relied on You and made the fast, using Your gifts. Forgive me past and subsequent sins, O All-Forgiving! " TAROVIKH IN RAMADAN Taraweeh (break, rest, respite) is a voluntary prayer (namaz), which is performed after the obligatory night prayer (isha) and lasts until dawn. The taraweeh prayer is performed both individually and collectively. The word "taraweeh" is the plural of the Arabic word "tarviha", which means "rest" in Russian. Prayer is so called because after every four rak'ahs, those who pray sit rest, praising the Lord or listening to the edification of the imam. At the time of the Prophet Muhammad, the taraweeh was performed from 8 and 20 rak'ahs, but the taraweeh, consisting of twenty rak'ahs, was finally approved by the caliph Umar with the consent of the Sahaba. According to the opinion of 4 Sunni madhhabs, the taraweeh prayer is performed in 20 rak'ahs (10 prayers for 2 rak'ahs). It is performed every day throughout the month of Ramadan after the night prayer (isha). At the time of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad, after every four rak'ahs, a short break was made, during which they praised and remembered Allah or read a short sermon. The Last Ten Days of Ramadan In the last ten days of Ramadan, Muslims are most zealous in their worship. At this time, it is recommended to stay in mosques (itikaf) following the example of the Prophet Muhammad, who retired in a mosque for ten days, and in the last year of his life retired for twenty days. A prerequisite for solitude in a mosque is to pronounce the intention (niyat): "I intend to stay in itikaaf in this mosque in order to get closer to Allah." When leaving the mosque, the intention is renewed. On these days, the night of al-Qadr is expected (the night of power, the night of predestination). The night of al-Qadr (Laylatul Qadr) The night of predestination (Laila-tul Qadr), also the Night of al-Qadr, the Night of Power. It is believed that the 27th night of the month of Ramadan is in honor of the discovery of the surah "Inna Anzalnagu" to Muhammad in 610 in the Hira cave of the Jabal al-Nur mountain. On this night, according to Islamic sources, the Archangel Jabrail appeared to the praying Muhammad and, pointing at the scroll, said: "Read!" (Koran!). The night of predestination is celebrated at the end of the ninth month of Ramadan. On the Night of Predestination, it is customary to ask for forgiveness from God for the sins committed and to read the Koran. HOLIDAY OF URAZ (RAMAZAN) On the first day of the month of Shawwal, that is, on the 30th or 31st day of the month. Ramadan in honor of the end of Ramadan, the holiday of breaking the fast Eid al-Fitr (Eid al-Bayram) is held. On this day, Muslims perform the Eid Prayer (Go Namoz) and pay the obligatory alms (zakat al-fitr). Zakot al-fitr (alms of breaking the fast) - alms that must be paid to needy Muslims before the Ramadan holiday. The payment of zakat al-fitr is a mandatory act (wajib) for Muslims. The head of the family pays alms for all members of his family who are in his care. If a child is born after sunset on the last day of the month of Ramadan, then zakat al-fitr is not paid for him. Zakat al-fitr can be paid to an authorized person in the mosque, or to those in need personally. The amount of charity is 1 caa of free-flowing substances common in the area where it is paid. For example, in Europe it is recommended to pay in wheat and barley, in Southeast Asia - in rice, in the Middle East - in dates. Saa is a measure of weight equal to 3500 g (in the Hanafi madhhab), or 2.176 g (in the rest of the Sunni madhhab). In the Hanafi madhhab, half a saa is paid. Zakat al-Fitr is best paid in the form of food, as was done during the time of the Prophet Muhammad. The payment of alms in cash is allowed in the Hanafi madhhab. The purpose of paying zakat al-fitr is atonement (kafarra) for possible mistakes and omissions made during the month of fasting, as well as helping the poor and those in need of celebrating the holiday of Uraza (Eid al-fitr) together with other Muslims. Congratulations and the Ramadan calendar The month of fasting for Muslims is a joyful event with which they congratulate each other with the words Ramazani Kaarim (I wish you a generous Ramadan!) Or Ramadan Mubarak (blessed Ramadan!). The traditional wish for this month are the words "May Allah please your eyes in Ramadan with sweet evenings and the friendship of the elect, the grace of the Forgiving One and the paradise of the pious!" The fasting person also wants Allah to accept his fast. The beginning of each month of the Islamic - lunar calendar is the day after the new moon. The lunar calendar is shorter than the Gregorian calendar by about 10 days, so every year the start date of Ramadan is shifted about 10-11 days ago relative to the modern calendar. It should also be borne in mind that in some Muslim countries the first day of Ramadan is determined by astronomical calculations, and in others - by direct observation of the moon, or can be determined based on the announcement of authoritative people in the Muslim world. In this regard, the beginning of a religious holiday may differ depending on the host country or weather conditions. Forecast for the beginning of the month of Ramadan in future years: Date Days of the week 06/06/2016 Monday 27/05/2017 Sunday 17/05/2018 Thursday 06/05/2019 Monday 24/04/2020 Friday 13/04/2021 Tuesday 02/04/2022 Saturday 23/03/2023 Wednesday 11/03/2024 Monday 01/03/2025 Friday